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Home > Cloud & Networking > Networking > Mastering FreeSWITCH
Mastering FreeSWITCH
Mastering FreeSWITCH

Mastering FreeSWITCH: Advanced tips and tricks for advanced multimedia communication

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Mastering FreeSWITCH

Chapter 2. Deploying FreeSWITCH

FreeSWITCH is deployed in production on a range of hardware platforms from BeagleBoards and RaspBerryPIs, to big iron, telecom-grade servers. FS will happily work as a little appliance on a customer's premises and will merrily chug millions of calls in the datacenter. The trade-off between hardware cost, power consumption and form factor depends on use case. Obviously, the more cores and CPUs you throw at it, the more the RAM, and the faster the hard disks; the more concurrent calls you can get.

Here we focus on best deployment practices to obtain the most reliable service from your FreeSWITCH server. In this chapter, we will cover:

  • Network requirements
  • Testing
  • Logging
  • Monitoring
  • HA (High Availability) Deployment

Network requirements

Quality of audio perceived by the user will first and foremost be affected by the network performance. Delays, jitter, and loss of packets can severely degrade end user experience, to an unacceptable level. There are several key components that can enable FreeSWITCH to operate more securely and efficiently: MPLS or dedicated peering connections can greatly enhance the network reliability, while Quality of Service (QoS) packet tagging and differentiating settings between your local LAN and the public WAN infrastructures will let you find the sweet point between infrastructure costs and audio quality.

Understanding QoS

QoS is a mechanism for guaranteeing that certain types of communication can be ranked for importance of delivery to ensure quality. There are multiple types of QoS that can be achieved in most network environments. Generally, QoS can be done on the physical layer (for example, guaranteeing that all phones are connected on a network that has its own cables...

Testing with SIPp

Testing is an important task when you are working on a new service and you want to check everything before deploying it in a production environment. For Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) one key testing tool is definitely SIPp, open source software that can be used for testing purposes. It is able to behave as SIP User Agent Client (UAC) as well as User Agent Server (UAS) hence you can use it these ways:

  • SIPp is used as UAC and calls FreeSWITCH (IVR, voice applications, and more)
  • SIPp is used as UAS and is the endpoint being called (by another FreeSWITCH extension for instance)
  • SIPp is used on both sides of a single call (the caller and the callee) to build completely automated tests

Running scenarios

One of the strengths of SIPp is that it is highly customizable: the user writes scenario files in XML format that details all communication steps. An XML scenario file basically describes every SIP message the tool has to send and every response it is supposed to get. Some variables...

Logging with FreeSWITCH

Logging is an integral part of any properly managed communication operation. The capability of tracing the minimal details of protocol exchanges and the paths through the internal software mechanisms can be invaluable for pinpointing the intermittent problem of a customer.

There are two main media for logging in FreeSWITCH: the console, for example the fs_cli application, and the log file. Both options use the same mechanism to show or save information.

By default, FreeSWITCH logs all information into one log file at the DEBUG level (the highest detail, producing the most quantity of information). The log file is created and managed by module mod_logfile, configured through logfile.conf.xml. By default, that single log file is called freeswitch.log and is located in freeswitch/log/.

The general format for the log lines is: call-uuid YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss:nnnnnn [LEVEL] source_file_name:line_numberfunction_name() <log data>.

Log levels go from EMERG (Level 0) to DEBUG...

Call Detail Records

Each call will generate one or more Call Detail Record (CDR). CDRs are written after the call ends, and contains all information needed for accounting and billing that call. As an example, an outbound call (outbound is most critical for accounting and billing) the CDR would contain information such as date/time, caller account, caller device, destination, and duration. As an added bonus it can contain all kinds of details about the call itself, such as codec used, outbound route or gateway, and/or the status of the system.

So, in CDRs you can store and gather any kind of info you deem useful on a per-call basis. A complete call is often composed of an A leg (caller) bridged to a B leg (callee). In the FS console, the show calls command shows that each call is composed of two channels (A leg and B leg). You can choose to write a CDR for A leg, B leg, or both.

There are two main kinds of CDRs FreeSWITCH is able to generate: Comma Separated Value (CSV) files, and XML files...

Monitoring

When deploying one or more FreeSWITCH servers in a production environment, it is essential to set up some monitoring mechanisms. Monitoring is more than a best-practice, it is a must-have to maintain a reliable, highly-available, powerful VoIP softswitch. It is necessary in order to be quick to react in case of critical issues and various emergencies. Setting up monitoring mechanisms is easy to say, but a good question would be 'what should we monitor, and how?' You would probably want to keep an eye on several aspects of a running server, for instance:

  • Check if everything is fine at a system level, for example:
    • Is the FreeSWITCH service up and running?
    • Are all the IP ports that are supposed to be listening actually listening?
    • Is my host too loaded or is it just fine?
  • Check more specifically if the FreeSWITCH service is sane
  • Check very specific aspects of the operation, for example:
    • Does my IVR behave like it should?
    • Are the conference rooms working?
    • Is the voicemail service...

Network requirements

Quality of audio perceived by the user will first and foremost be affected by the network performance. Delays, jitter, and loss of packets can severely degrade end user experience, to an unacceptable level. There are several key components that can enable FreeSWITCH to operate more securely and efficiently: MPLS or dedicated peering connections can greatly enhance the network reliability, while Quality of Service (QoS) packet tagging and differentiating settings between your local LAN and the public WAN infrastructures will let you find the sweet point between infrastructure costs and audio quality.

Understanding QoS

QoS is a mechanism for guaranteeing that certain types of communication can be ranked for importance of delivery to ensure quality. There are multiple types of QoS that can be achieved in most network environments. Generally, QoS can be done on the physical layer (for example, guaranteeing that all phones are connected on a network that has its own cables...

Testing with SIPp

Testing is an important task when you are working on a new service and you want to check everything before deploying it in a production environment. For Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) one key testing tool is definitely SIPp, open source software that can be used for testing purposes. It is able to behave as SIP User Agent Client (UAC) as well as User Agent Server (UAS) hence you can use it these ways:

  • SIPp is used as UAC and calls FreeSWITCH (IVR, voice applications, and more)

  • SIPp is used as UAS and is the endpoint being called (by another FreeSWITCH extension for instance)

  • SIPp is used on both sides of a single call (the caller and the callee) to build completely automated tests

Running scenarios

One of the strengths of SIPp is that it is highly customizable: the user writes scenario files in XML format that details all communication steps. An XML scenario file basically describes every SIP message the tool has to send and every response it is supposed to get. Some variables...

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Key benefits

  • Forget the hassle - make FreeSWITCH work for you
  • Discover how FreeSWITCH integrates with a range of tools and APIs
  • From high availability to IVR development use this book to become more confident with this useful communication software

Description

FreeSWITCH is one of the best tools around if you’re looking for a modern method of managing communication protocols through a range of different media. From real-time browser communication with the WebRTC API to implementing VoIP (voice over internet protocol), with FreeSWITCH you’re in full control of your projects. This book shows you how to unlock its full potential – more than just a tutorial, it’s packed with plenty of tips and tricks to make it work for you. Written by members of the team who actually helped build FreeSWITCH, it will guide you through some of the newest features of version 1.6 including video transcoding and conferencing. Find out how FreeSWITCH interacts with other tools and APIs, learn how to tackle common (and not so common) challenges ranging from high availability to IVR development and programming advanced PBXs. Great communication functionality begins with FreeSWITCH – find out how and get your project up and running today.

Who is this book for?

SysAdmins, VoIP engineers – whoever you are, whatever you’re trying to do, this book will help you get more from FreeSWITCH.

What you will learn

  • Get to grips with the core concepts of FreeSWITCH
  • Learn FreeSWITCH high availability
  • Work with SIP profiles, gateways, ITSPs, and Codecs optimization
  • Implement effective security on your projects
  • Master audio manipulation and recording
  • Discover how FreeSWITCH works alongside WebRTC
  • Build your own complex IVR and PBX applications
  • Connect directly to PSTN/TDM
  • Create your own FreeSWITCH module
  • Trace SIP packets with the help of best open
  • source tools
  • Implement Homer Sipcapture to troubleshoot and debug all your platform traffic

Product Details

Country selected
Publication date, Length, Edition, Language, ISBN-13
Publication date : Jul 29, 2016
Length: 300 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781784395551
Category :
Cloud & Networking
Languages :
C
Concepts :
Networking
Tools :
FreeSWITCH

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Product feature icon Download this book in EPUB and PDF formats
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Product Details

Publication date : Jul 29, 2016
Length: 300 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781784395551
Category :
Cloud & Networking
Languages :
C
Concepts :
Networking
Tools :
FreeSWITCH

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Table of Contents

14 Chapters
1. Typical Voice Uses for FreeSWITCH Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
1. Typical Voice Uses for FreeSWITCH
Understanding routing calls in FreeSWITCH
FreeSWITCH Products and Services
Development
Accounting and billing
Summary
2. Deploying FreeSWITCH Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
2. Deploying FreeSWITCH
Network requirements
Testing with SIPp
Logging with FreeSWITCH
Call Detail Records
Monitoring
HA deployment
Summary
3. ITSP and Voice Codecs Optimization Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
3. ITSP and Voice Codecs Optimization
ITSPs – what they do
Routes (to numbers)
DIDs (aka DDIs) – numbers
Quality of routes
Various important features
Support, redundancy, high availability, and number portability
Summary
4. VoIP Security Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
4. VoIP Security
Latest versions of it all
Default configuration is a demo
Change passwords
Lock all that's not trusted
Dropping root privileges (file permissions)
Fail2ban on all services
Encrypting SIP with TLS (SIPS)
Encrypting (S)RTP via SDES (key exchange in SDP)
Encrypting (S)RTP via ZRTP (key exchange in RTP)
New frontiers of VoIP encryption (WebRTC, WebSockets, DTLS)
Summary
5. Audio File and Streaming Formats, Music on Hold, Recording Calls Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
5. Audio File and Streaming Formats, Music on Hold, Recording Calls
Traditional telephony codecs constrain audio
HD audio frontiers are pushed by cellphones, right now
FreeSWITCH audio, file, and stream formats
Recording calls
Tapping audio
Summary
6. PSTN and TDM Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
6. PSTN and TDM
OpenZap
FreeTDM
I/O modules
Signaling modules
FreeTDM installation
Configuring FreeTDM
Debugging
Summary
7. WebRTC and Mod_Verto Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
7. WebRTC and Mod_Verto
WebRTC
Summary
8. Audio and Video Conferencing Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
8. Audio and Video Conferencing
Conference basics
Video conference
Conference performances
Summary
9. Faxing and T38 Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
9. Faxing and T38
What is Fax on PSTN?
What is Fax over IP?
Fax and FreeSWITCH
ITSPs and Real World Fax Support
Summary
10. Advanced IVR with Lua Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
10. Advanced IVR with Lua
Installing IVR
Structure of welcome.lua
Incoming call processing
After hangup
Utility functions
Summary
11. Write Your FreeSWITCH Module in C Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
11. Write Your FreeSWITCH Module in C
What is a FreeSWITCH module?
Developing a module
Mod_Example outline
Mandatory functions
Configuration using XML
Reacting to channel state changes
Receiving and firing events
Dialplan application
API command
Summary
12. Tracing and Debugging VoIP Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
12. Tracing and Debugging VoIP
What can go wrong?
SIP, RTP, SDP, RTCP, OH MY!
Tools
Summary
13. Homer, Monitoring and Troubleshooting Your Communication Platform Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
13. Homer, Monitoring and Troubleshooting Your Communication Platform
What is Homer?
Installing Homer and the Capture Server
Feeding SIP signaling from FreeSWITCH to Homer
Searching signaling with Homer
Feeding SIP signaling, QoS, MOS and RTP/RTCP stats from CaptAgent to Homer
Correlating A-leg and B-leg
Feeding logs and events to Homer
Summary
Index Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Index

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Customer reviews

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Rating distribution
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Half star icon 4.1
(7 Ratings)
5 star 42.9%
4 star 28.6%
3 star 28.6%
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Amazon Customer Sep 20, 2016
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
This book will take you through years of experience of real uses cases without having to wait. The authors have really done a wonderful job. This book is for those who are already familiar with freeSWITCH and is not for the beginner.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Sudar Vendan Jun 02, 2018
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Nice to have for Voice Engineers, Spoon feeding tutorial
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Jurijs Sep 15, 2016
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
I used Freeswitch during last several years and this book helped me to fill some of my blind spots. I would recommend this book for beginners and advanced users.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
James Ungar Mar 13, 2024
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon 4
Feefo Verified review Feefo
Ishmael Apr 13, 2017
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon 4
I agree with the reviewer who termed this book a good 1000 foot view. I purchased Mastering FreeSWITCH hoping to find out out how to diagnose and solve problems with my freeswitch installation and this book was too introductory to be really helpful. The chapter on Verto, for example, is not as useful or informative as the official tutorial available online. I couldn't read the code sample images on my tablet and the kindle edition contained several blank pages. Despite the title, this book is not a path to Freeswitch mastery. However, it's definitely something to read if you're considering adopting Freeswitch. Four stars because Anthony Minessale is a hero who has made an significant contribution to the world of open source.
Amazon Verified review Amazon

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About the 8 authors

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Profile icon Charles Bujold
Charles Bujold
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Profile icon Kalyani Kulkarni
Kalyani Kulkarni
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Profile icon Florent Krieg
Florent Krieg
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Profile icon Mike Jerris
Mike Jerris
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Profile icon Ken Rice
Ken Rice
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Profile icon Schreiber
Schreiber
Darren Schreiber is the CEO and Co-founder of 2600 Hz. He began working heavily in open source voice with the FreeSWITCH project, where he engaged with Brian, Mike, and Anthony. His projects have since evolved into two enterprise VoIP platforms that allow a multitude of development of voice, SMS, and video applications to be delivered to customers.He has 15 years of voice and IT experience including developing multiple enterprise SaaS infrastructures for hosting and remotely managing IT, voice, and e-commerce services. He is a guest lecturer at major universities on VoIP technology and leads paid international VoIP trainings. As a serious telephony enthusiast since a young age, he has worked extensively with VoIP technologies. He graduated from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute with a degree in Computer Science and Business Management.He is also a co-author of FreeSWITCH Cookbook, Packt Publishing.
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Seven Du
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Profile icon Russell Treleaven
Russell Treleaven
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If you want to purchase a video course, eBook or Bundle (Print+eBook) please follow below steps:

  1. Register on our website using your email address and the password.
  2. Search for the title by name or ISBN using the search option.
  3. Select the title you want to purchase.
  4. Choose the format you wish to purchase the title in; if you order the Print Book, you get a free eBook copy of the same title. 
  5. Proceed with the checkout process (payment to be made using Credit Card, Debit Cart, or PayPal)
Where can I access support around an eBook? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
  • If you experience a problem with using or installing Adobe Reader, the contact Adobe directly.
  • To view the errata for the book, see www.packtpub.com/support and view the pages for the title you have.
  • To view your account details or to download a new copy of the book go to www.packtpub.com/account
  • To contact us directly if a problem is not resolved, use www.packtpub.com/contact-us
What eBook formats do Packt support? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Our eBooks are currently available in a variety of formats such as PDF and ePubs. In the future, this may well change with trends and development in technology, but please note that our PDFs are not Adobe eBook Reader format, which has greater restrictions on security.

You will need to use Adobe Reader v9 or later in order to read Packt's PDF eBooks.

What are the benefits of eBooks? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
  • You can get the information you need immediately
  • You can easily take them with you on a laptop
  • You can download them an unlimited number of times
  • You can print them out
  • They are copy-paste enabled
  • They are searchable
  • There is no password protection
  • They are lower price than print
  • They save resources and space
What is an eBook? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Packt eBooks are a complete electronic version of the print edition, available in PDF and ePub formats. Every piece of content down to the page numbering is the same. Because we save the costs of printing and shipping the book to you, we are able to offer eBooks at a lower cost than print editions.

When you have purchased an eBook, simply login to your account and click on the link in Your Download Area. We recommend you saving the file to your hard drive before opening it.

For optimal viewing of our eBooks, we recommend you download and install the free Adobe Reader version 9.