For those of you who are familiar with working with relational databases from application code, it is very likely they have been working with an object-relational mapper (ORM). ORMs were introduced to fill the impedance mismatch between object-oriented programming languages and the relational database schema, which works with tables. Well-known examples are Entity Framework and NHibernate.
ORMs provide a layer of abstraction that allows for the storage and retrieval of objects from a database, without worrying about the underlying table structure when doing so. To perform automated mapping of objects to tables, or the other way around, ORMs often have built-in capabilities for describing a database schema, the corresponding object model, and the mappings between them in a markup language. Most of the time, neither of these have to be written...
