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Blazor WebAssembly by Example
Blazor WebAssembly by Example

Blazor WebAssembly by Example: A project-based guide to building web apps with .NET, Blazor WebAssembly, and C#

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Blazor WebAssembly by Example

Chapter 2: Building Your First Blazor WebAssembly Application

Razor components are the building blocks of Blazor WebAssembly applications. A Razor component is a chunk of user interface that can be shared, nested, and reused. Razor components are ordinary C# classes and can be placed anywhere in a project.

In this chapter, we will learn about Razor components. We will learn how to use them, how to apply parameters, and about their life cycle and their structure. We will learn how to use the @page directive to define routing. We will also learn how to use Razor syntax to combine C# code with HTML markup.

The Blazor WebAssembly project in this chapter will be created by using the Blazor WebAssembly App project template provided by Microsoft. After we create the project, we will examine it to further familiarize ourselves with Razor components. We will learn how to use components, how to add parameters, how to apply routing, how to use Razor syntax, and how to separate the Razor markup and code into separate files. Finally, we will configure our own custom project template that creates an empty Blazor WebAssembly project.

In this chapter, we will cover the following topics:

  • Razor components
  • Routing
  • Razor syntax
  • Using the Blazor App project template
  • Creating an empty Blazor WebAssembly project template

Technical requirements

To complete this project, you need to have Visual Studio 2019 installed on your PC. For instructions on how to install the free Community edition of Visual Studio 2019, refer to Chapter 1, Introduction to Blazor WebAssembly.

The source code for this chapter is available in the following GitHub repository: https://github.com/PacktPublishing/Blazor-WebAssembly-by-Example/tree/main/Chapter02.

The code in action video is available here: https://bit.ly/3bEZrrg.

Razor components

Blazor WebAssembly is a component-driven framework. Razor components are the fundamental building blocks of a Blazor WebAssembly application. They are classes that are implemented using a combination of C#, HTML, and Razor markup. When the web app loads, the classes get downloaded into the browser as normal .NET assemblies (DLLs).

Important note

In this book, the terms Razor component and component are used interchangeably.

Using components

HTML element syntax is used to add a component to another component. The markup looks like an HTML tag where the name of the tag is the component type.

The following markup in the Pages\Index.razor file of the Demo project that we will create in this chapter will render a SurveyPrompt instance:

<SurveyPrompt Title="How is Blazor working for you?" />

The preceding SurveyPrompt element includes an attribute parameter named Title.

Parameters

Component parameters are used to make components dynamic. Parameters are public properties of the component that are decorated with either the Parameter attribute or the CascadingParameter attribute. Parameters can be simple types, complex types, functions, RenderFragments, or event callbacks.

The following code for a component named HelloWorld includes a parameter named Text:

HelloWorld.razor

<h1>Hello @Text!</h1>
@code {
    [Parameter] public string Text { get; set; }
}

To use the HelloWorld component, include the following HTML syntax in another component:

<HelloWorld Text="World" />

In the preceding example, the Text attribute of the HelloWorld component is the source of the Text parameter. This screenshot shows the results of using the component as indicated:

Figure 2.1 – HelloWorld component

Figure 2.1 – HelloWorld component

A component can also receive parameters from its route or a query string. You will learn more about the different types of parameters later in this chapter.

Naming components

The name of a Razor component must be in title case. Therefore, helloWorld would not be a valid name for a Razor component since the h is not capitalized. Also, Razor components use the RAZOR extension rather than the CSHTML extension that is used by Razor Pages.

Important note

Razor components must start with a capital letter.

Component life cycle

Razor components inherit from the ComponentBase class. The ComponentBase class includes both asynchronous and synchronous methods used to manage the life cycle of a component. In this book, we will be using the asynchronous versions of the methods since they execute without blocking other operations. This is the order in which the methods in the life cycle of a component are invoked:

  1. SetParameterAsync: This method sets the parameters that are supplied by the component's parent in the render tree.
  2. OnInitializedAsync: This method is invoked after the component is first rendered.
  3. OnParametersSetAsync: This method is invoked after the component initializes and each time the component re-renders.
  4. OnAfterRenderAsync: This method is invoked after the component has finished rendering. This method is for working with JavaScript since JavaScript requires the Document Object Model (DOM) elements to be rendered before they can do any work.

Component structure

The following diagram shows code from the Counter component of the Demo project that we will create in this chapter:

Figure 2.2 – Component structure

Figure 2.2 – Component structure

The code in the preceding example is divided into three sections:

  • Directives
  • Markup
  • Code Block

Each of the sections has a different purpose.

Directives

Directives are used to add special functionality, such as routing, layout, and dependency injection. They are defined within Razor and you cannot define your own directives.

In the preceding example, there is only one directive used – the @page directive. The @page directive is used for routing. In this example, the following URL will route the user to the Counter component:

/counter

A typical page can include many directives at the top of the page. Also, many pages have more than one @page directive.

Most of the directives in Razor can be used in a Blazor WebAssembly application. These are the Razor directives that are used in Blazor, in alphabetical order:

  • @attribute: This directive adds a class-level attribute to the component. The following example adds the [Authorize] attribute:

    @attribute [Authorize]

  • @code: This directive adds class members to the component. In the example, it is used to distinguish the code block.
  • @implements: This directive implements the specified class.
  • @inherits: This directive provides full control of the class that the view inherits.
  • @inject: This directive is used for dependency injection. It enables the component to inject a service from the dependency injection container into the view. The following example injects HttpClient defined in the Program.cs file into the component:

    @inject HttpClient Http

  • @layout: This directive is used to specify a layout for the Razor component.
  • @namespace: This directive sets the component's namespace. You only need to use this directive if you do not want to use the default namespace for the component. The default namespace is based on the location of the component.
  • @page: This directive is used for routing.
  • @typeparam: This directive sets a type parameter for the component.
  • @using: This directive controls the components that are in scope.

Markup

This is HTML with Razor syntax. The Razor syntax can be used to render text and allows C# to be used as part of the markup. We will cover more about Razor syntax later in this chapter.

Code block

The code block contains the logic for the page. It begins with the @code directive. By convention, the @code directive is at the bottom of the page. It is the only file-level directive that is not placed at the top of the page.

The code block is where we add C# fields, properties, and methods to the component. Later in this chapter, we will move the code block to a separate code-behind file.

Razor components are the building blocks of a Blazor WebAssembly application. They are easy to use since they are simply a combination of HTML markup and C# code. In the next section, we will see how routing is used to navigate between each of the components.

Routing in Blazor WebAssembly

In Blazor WebAssembly, routing is handled on the client, not on the server. As you navigate in the browser, Blazor intercepts that navigation and renders the component with the matching route.

The URLs are resolved relative to the base path that is specified in the wwwroot/index.html file. It is specified in the head element using the following syntax:

 <base href="/" />

Unlike other frameworks that you may have used, the route is not inferred from the location of its file. For example, in the Demo project, the Counter component is in the /Pages/Counter folder, yet it uses the following route:

@page "/counter"

Route parameters

The Router component uses route parameters to populate the parameters of the corresponding component. The parameters of both the component and the route must have the same name, but they are not case sensitive.

Since optional route parameters are not supported, you may need to provide more than one @page directive to a component to simulate optional parameters. The following example shows how to include multiple @page parameters:

RoutingExample.razor

@page "/routing"
@page "/routing/{text}"
<h1>Blazor WebAssembly is @Text!</h1>
@code {
    [Parameter] public string Text { get; set; }
    protected override void OnInitialized()
    {
        Text = Text ?? "fantastic";
    }
}

In the preceding code, the first @page directive allows navigation to the component without a parameter and the second @page directive allows a route parameter. If a value for text is provided, it is assigned to the Text property of the component. If the Text property of the component is null, it is set to fantastic.

The following URL will route the user to the RoutingExample component:

/routing

The following URL will also route the user to the RoutingExample component, but this time the Text parameter will be set by the route:

/routing/amazing

This screenshot shows the results of using the indicated route:

Figure 2.3 – RoutingExample component

Figure 2.3 – RoutingExample component

Important note

Route parameters are not case sensitive.

Catch-all route parameters

Catch-all route parameters are used to capture paths across multiple folder boundaries. This type of route parameter is a string type and can only be placed at the end of the URL.

This is a sample component that uses a catch-all route parameter:

CatchAll.razor

@page "/{*path}"
<h1>Catch All</h1>
Route: @Path
@code {
    [Parameter] public string Path { get; set; }
}

For the /error/type/3 URL, the preceding code will set the value of the Path parameter to error/type/3:

Figure 2.4 – Catch-all route parameter example

Figure 2.4 – Catch-all route parameter example

Route constraints

Route constraints are used to enforce the datatype of a route parameter. To define a constraint, add a colon followed by the constraint type to the parameter. In the following example, the route is expecting a route parameter named Increment with the type of int:

@page "/counter/{increment:int}"

The following route constraints are supported:

Figure 2.5 – Supported route constraints

Figure 2.5 – Supported route constraints

The following types are not currently supported as constraints:

  • Regular expressions
  • Enums
  • Custom constraints

Routing is handled on the client. We can use both route parameters and catch-all route parameters to enable routing. Route constraints are used to ensure that a route parameter is of the required datatype. Razor components use Razor syntax to seamlessly merge HTML with C# code, which is what we will see in the next section.

Razor syntax

Razor syntax is made up of HTML, Razor markup, and C#. Rendering HTML from a Razor component is the same as rendering HTML from an HTML file. The HTML in a Razor component is rendered by the server unchanged. Razor syntax uses both inline expressions and control structures.

Inline expressions

Inline expressions start with an @ symbol followed by a variable or function name. This is an example of an inline expression:

<h1>Blazor is @Text!</h1>

Control structures

Control structures also start with an @ symbol. The content within the curly brackets is evaluated and rendered to the output. This is an example of an if statement from the FetchData component in the Demo project:

@if (forecasts == null)
{
    <p><em>Loading...</em></p>
}

Each code statement within a Razor code block must end with a semicolon. C# code is case sensitive and strings must be enclosed in quotation marks.

Conditionals

The following types of conditionals are included in Razor syntax:

  • if statements
  • switch statements

This is an example of an if statement:

@if (DateTime.Now.DayOfWeek.ToString() != "Friday")
{
    <p>Today is not Friday.</p>
}
else if (DateTime.Now.Day != 13)
{
    <p>Today is not the 13th.</p>
}
else
{
    <p>Today is Friday the 13th.</p>
}

The preceding code uses an if statement to check it the current day of the week is Friday and/or the current day of the month is the 13th.

This is an example of a switch statement:

@switch (value)
{
    case 1:
        <p>The value is 1!</p>
        break;
    case 42:
        <p>Your number is 42!</p>
        break;
    default:
        <p>Your number was not 1 or 42.</p>
        break;
}
@code {
    private int value = 2;
}

The preceding switch statement compares the value variable to 1 and 42.

Loops

The following types of loops are included in Razor syntax:

  • for loops
  • foreach loops
  • while loops
  • do while loops

Each of the following examples uses an array of the WeatherForecast type. WeatherForecast includes a Summary property and is defined in the Demo project.

This is an example of a for loop:

@for (var i = 0; i < forecasts.Count(); i++)
{
   <div> forecasts[i].Summary</div>
};
@code {
    private WeatherForecast[] forecasts;
}

This is an example of a foreach loop:

@foreach (var forecast in forecasts)
{
    <div>@forecast.Summary</div>
};
@code {
    private WeatherForecast[] forecasts;
}

This is an example of a while loop:

@while (i < forecasts.Count())
{
    <div>@forecasts[i].Summary</div>
    i++;
};
@code {
    private WeatherForecast[] forecasts;
    private int i = 0;
}

This is an example of a do while loop:

@do
{
    <div>@forecasts[i].Summary</div>
    i++;
} while (i < forecasts.Count());
@code {
    private WeatherForecast[] forecasts;
    private int i = 0;
}

Razor syntax is easy to learn if you already know C#. It includes both inline expressions and control structures such as conditionals and loops.

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Key benefits

  • Explore complete, easy-to-follow web projects using Blazor
  • Build projects such as a weather app, expense tracker, and Kanban board with real-world applications
  • Understand and work with Blazor WebAssembly effectively without spending too much time focusing on the theory

Description

Blazor WebAssembly makes it possible to run C# code on the browser instead of having to use JavaScript, and does not rely on plugins or add-ons. The only technical requirement for using Blazor WebAssembly is a browser that supports WebAssembly, which, as of today, all modern browsers do. Blazor WebAssembly by Example is a project-based guide for learning how to build single-page web applications using the Blazor WebAssembly framework. This book emphasizes the practical over the theoretical by providing detailed step-by-step instructions for each project. You'll start by building simple standalone web applications and progress to developing more advanced hosted web applications with SQL Server backends. Each project covers a different aspect of the Blazor WebAssembly ecosystem, such as Razor components, JavaScript interop, event handling, application state, and dependency injection. The book is designed in such a way that you can complete the projects in any order. By the end of this book, you will have experience building a wide variety of single-page web applications with .NET, Blazor WebAssembly, and C#.

Who is this book for?

This book is for .NET web developers who are tired of constantly learning new JavaScript frameworks and wish to write web applications using Blazor WebAssembly, leveraging the power of .NET and C#. The book assumes beginner-level knowledge of the C# language, .NET framework, Microsoft Visual Studio, and web development concepts.

What you will learn

  • Discover the power of the C# language for both server-side and client-side web development
  • Use the Blazor WebAssembly App project template to build your first Blazor WebAssembly application
  • Use templated components and the Razor class library to build and share a modal dialog box
  • Understand how to use JavaScript with Blazor WebAssembly
  • Build a progressive web app (PWA) to enable native app-like performance and speed
  • Understand dependency injection (DI) in .NET to build a shopping cart app
  • Get to grips with .NET Web APIs by building a task manager app
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Table of Contents

10 Chapters
Chapter 1: Introduction to Blazor WebAssembly Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 2: Building Your First Blazor WebAssembly Application Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 3: Building a Modal Dialog Using Templated Components Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 4: Building a Local Storage Service Using JavaScript Interoperability (JS Interop) Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 5: Building a Weather App as a Progressive Web App (PWA) Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 6: Building a Shopping Cart Using Application State Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 7: Building a Kanban Board Using Events Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 8: Building a Task Manager Using ASP.NET Web API Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 9: Building an Expense Tracker Using the EditForm Component Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Other Books You May Enjoy Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

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Amazon Customer Jul 14, 2021
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Packt never fails to impress with their content. Blazor WASM is an awesome new tool and this teaches you everything you need to know to make a well designed application. Like all Packt books, it is easy to pick up in different chapters depending on what you want to learn. I was specifically looking more into how to make a PWA with Blazor and this was a fantastic guide!
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Paul Schroeder Jul 26, 2021
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I appreciate the author’s “no fluff” approach to covering all the basics Blazor developers need to know. As someone who has developed a few Blazor applications already, this meant that I was able to finish the content in just a few sessions. Being somewhat experienced, I certainly did pick up some new information, but I think beginner-to-intermediate developers will get the most out of this book.Personally, I thought the use of project templates was very appropriate and I wish more Visual Studio developers made use of this gem of an IDE feature. The sections on RenderFragment, EventCallback, CSS isolation, attribute splatting, and JS Interop were explained nicely. Content on Progressive Web Apps contained details, like the service worker life cycle, that were good to learn more about.I was impressed at the author’s ability to present straightforward examples, each of which demonstrated a Blazor capability with minimal code. Sticking close to just what is needed made it easy to understand what was happening.Overall, I liked this book, which is clearly designed to be a quick overview of each topic. After covering the basics, the author provides “further reading” sections at the conclusion of each chapter to make it easy to go deeper, if desired. There are also sample questions along the way that help you gauge your knowledge or think about what could be next if you want to experiment with extending the project samples.
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Adam Smith Apr 10, 2022
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This book has a very pleasant way of teaching. A kind of step-by-step way. I give it a full 5 stars.
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Daniel Correa Aug 08, 2021
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Blazor WebAssembly is the Microsoft's single-page application (SPA) framework for building web applications on .NET Framework. It is another option that front-end developers should have in mind. One of the main difference with their main competitors (Vue, React, Angular) is that it enables developers to run C# code on the client. It means, you can develop an entire SPA application without using JavaScript.Toi (the author of this book) teaches us how to use Blazor WebAssembly in a practical way. She provides a set of projects and examples which are very useful and which teaches us the fundamental elements of Blazor WebAssembly. For example, (i) you will implement a simple modal dialog application, which focuses on razor elements, components, and RenderFragments. (ii) You will implement a simple data storage application, which explains how to use JS Interop to execute some JavaScript commands from a Blazor WebAssembly application (there are some cases in which using JavaScript makes sense). (iii) You will implement a Weather App which uses service workers, APIs, and implementation of PWA applications. And (iv) even, it takes you to develop a complete front-end and back-end application (task manager) with the use of an ASP.NET Web API. Other topics and projects include: application state, events, edit forms, and dependency injection.All those projects (and many others) present proper explanations, with excellent examples. The code of the projects is easy to follow, simple, and properly detailed. Therefore, you can use some of those projects as a base to develop your own applications.This is a totally recommended book if you want to learn Blazor WebAssembly in a practical way, with very useful examples, and short explanations. Congratulations to the author.
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Justin Horner Jul 15, 2021
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
I love reading through example-focused books, and Blazor by Example is no exception! As the title states, this is a project-based guide to building web apps with .NET, Blazor WebAssembly, and C#.On your journey through learning Blazor by Example, you'll create several applications that scale up in complexity by chapter. Everything from creating your first Blazor application and making a weather app PWA to handling application state in a shopping cart experience gets covered throughout the projects in the book.I highly recommend this book to anyone interested in Blazor. It's a great learning resource and reference for Blazor WebAssembly projects.Here are a few of my chapter/topic highlights:- JS Interop- Building a Progressive Web App (PWA)- Using Application State- Building a Kanban Board using Events- Building a Task Manager using ASP.NET Web API
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Cancellation Policy for Published Printed Books:

You can cancel any order within 1 hour of placing the order. Simply contact customercare@packt.com with your order details or payment transaction id. If your order has already started the shipment process, we will do our best to stop it. However, if it is already on the way to you then when you receive it, you can contact us at customercare@packt.com using the returns and refund process.

Please understand that Packt Publishing cannot provide refunds or cancel any order except for the cases described in our Return Policy (i.e. Packt Publishing agrees to replace your printed book because it arrives damaged or material defect in book), Packt Publishing will not accept returns.

What is your returns and refunds policy? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Return Policy:

We want you to be happy with your purchase from Packtpub.com. We will not hassle you with returning print books to us. If the print book you receive from us is incorrect, damaged, doesn't work or is unacceptably late, please contact Customer Relations Team on customercare@packt.com with the order number and issue details as explained below:

  1. If you ordered (eBook, Video or Print Book) incorrectly or accidentally, please contact Customer Relations Team on customercare@packt.com within one hour of placing the order and we will replace/refund you the item cost.
  2. Sadly, if your eBook or Video file is faulty or a fault occurs during the eBook or Video being made available to you, i.e. during download then you should contact Customer Relations Team within 14 days of purchase on customercare@packt.com who will be able to resolve this issue for you.
  3. You will have a choice of replacement or refund of the problem items.(damaged, defective or incorrect)
  4. Once Customer Care Team confirms that you will be refunded, you should receive the refund within 10 to 12 working days.
  5. If you are only requesting a refund of one book from a multiple order, then we will refund you the appropriate single item.
  6. Where the items were shipped under a free shipping offer, there will be no shipping costs to refund.

On the off chance your printed book arrives damaged, with book material defect, contact our Customer Relation Team on customercare@packt.com within 14 days of receipt of the book with appropriate evidence of damage and we will work with you to secure a replacement copy, if necessary. Please note that each printed book you order from us is individually made by Packt's professional book-printing partner which is on a print-on-demand basis.

What tax is charged? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Currently, no tax is charged on the purchase of any print book (subject to change based on the laws and regulations). A localized VAT fee is charged only to our European and UK customers on eBooks, Video and subscriptions that they buy. GST is charged to Indian customers for eBooks and video purchases.

What payment methods can I use? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

You can pay with the following card types:

  1. Visa Debit
  2. Visa Credit
  3. MasterCard
  4. PayPal
What is the delivery time and cost of print books? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Shipping Details

USA:

'

Economy: Delivery to most addresses in the US within 10-15 business days

Premium: Trackable Delivery to most addresses in the US within 3-8 business days

UK:

Economy: Delivery to most addresses in the U.K. within 7-9 business days.
Shipments are not trackable

Premium: Trackable delivery to most addresses in the U.K. within 3-4 business days!
Add one extra business day for deliveries to Northern Ireland and Scottish Highlands and islands

EU:

Premium: Trackable delivery to most EU destinations within 4-9 business days.

Australia:

Economy: Can deliver to P. O. Boxes and private residences.
Trackable service with delivery to addresses in Australia only.
Delivery time ranges from 7-9 business days for VIC and 8-10 business days for Interstate metro
Delivery time is up to 15 business days for remote areas of WA, NT & QLD.

Premium: Delivery to addresses in Australia only
Trackable delivery to most P. O. Boxes and private residences in Australia within 4-5 days based on the distance to a destination following dispatch.

India:

Premium: Delivery to most Indian addresses within 5-6 business days

Rest of the World:

Premium: Countries in the American continent: Trackable delivery to most countries within 4-7 business days

Asia:

Premium: Delivery to most Asian addresses within 5-9 business days

Disclaimer:
All orders received before 5 PM U.K time would start printing from the next business day. So the estimated delivery times start from the next day as well. Orders received after 5 PM U.K time (in our internal systems) on a business day or anytime on the weekend will begin printing the second to next business day. For example, an order placed at 11 AM today will begin printing tomorrow, whereas an order placed at 9 PM tonight will begin printing the day after tomorrow.


Unfortunately, due to several restrictions, we are unable to ship to the following countries:

  1. Afghanistan
  2. American Samoa
  3. Belarus
  4. Brunei Darussalam
  5. Central African Republic
  6. The Democratic Republic of Congo
  7. Eritrea
  8. Guinea-bissau
  9. Iran
  10. Lebanon
  11. Libiya Arab Jamahriya
  12. Somalia
  13. Sudan
  14. Russian Federation
  15. Syrian Arab Republic
  16. Ukraine
  17. Venezuela