The programming paradigm
For Spark to address the big data challenges and serve as a platform for data science and other scalable applications, it was built with well-thought-out design considerations and language support.
There are Spark APIs designed for varieties of application developers to create Spark-based applications using standard API interfaces. Spark provides APIs for Scala, Java, R and Python programming languages, as explained in the following sections.
Supported programming languages
With built-in support for so many languages, Spark can be used interactively through a shell, which is otherwise known as Read-Evaluate-Print-Loop (REPL), in a way that will feel familiar to developers of any language. The developers can use the language of their choice, leverage existing libraries, and seamlessly interact with Spark and its ecosystem. Let us see the ones supported on Spark and how they fit into the Spark ecosystem.
Scala
Spark itself is written in Scala, a Java Virtual Machine (JVM...