The foundation of execution

With a solid understanding of the compilation process that transforms Java source code into class files and bytecode, we now focus on the fascinating realm of JVM execution. This crucial phase is where the magic happens, as the JVM takes the reins to bring our Java programs to life.

As the JVM receives the compiled class files containing bytecode, the execution engine kicks into action. Bytecode, the intermediary representation of our Java programs, is interpreted in a stack-based execution model. The execution engine dynamically executes the bytecode instructions, manipulating an operand stack. This stack-based approach allows the JVM to process the instructions efficiently, pushing and popping operands onto and from the stack. While bytecode interpretation ensures platform independence, it may introduce performance considerations, which leads us to the next crucial step in the execution journey.

When a JVM program is executed, several steps unfold...