What is inside the top of the pyramid?
The top level of the test pyramid consists of those tests that are closest to the user – that is, the tests that are performed in an application (generally) before it is launched to the user. In the 2D models of the test pyramid, this section is generally for end-to-end (frontend automation) and manual testing.
For many years, the top framework for frontend automation was Selenium (with other frameworks based on it), with Appium for mobile apps. Recently, there has been a tendency of looking for faster end-to-end testing, with increasing numbers of headless tests and visual tests to the detriment of pure DOM automation tests. Whichever framework you decide on, you must dedicate the appropriate time to each layer and test so that you do not run into test repetition across the pyramid.
End-to-end tests/user interface tests/frontend automation
The end-to-end testing that is considered at this level of the test pyramid is generally...