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Home > Game Development > 3D Game Development > Unity 2018 Cookbook
Unity 2018 Cookbook
Unity 2018 Cookbook

Unity 2018 Cookbook: Over 160 recipes to take your 2D and 3D game development to the next level , Third Edition

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Unity 2018 Cookbook

Responding to User Events for Interactive UIs

In this chapter, we will cover the following:

  • Creating UI Buttons to move between scenes
  • Animating button properties on mouse-over
  • Organizing image panels and changing panel depths via buttons
  • Displaying the value of an interactive UI Slider
  • Displaying a countdown timer graphically with a UI Slider
  • Setting custom mouse cursors for 2D and 3D GameObjects
  • Setting custom mouse cursors for UI controls
  • Interactive text entry with an Input Field
  • Toggles and radio buttons via Toggle Groups
  • Creating text and image icon UI Dropdown menus
  • Displaying a radar to indicate the relative locations of objects

Introduction

Almost all the recipes in this chapter involve different interactive UI controls. Although there are different kinds of interactive UI controls, the basic way to work with them, and have scripted actions respond to user actions, is all based on the same idea: events triggering the execution of object method functions.

Then, for fun, and an example of a very different kind of UI, the final recipe demonstrates how to add to your game a sophisticated real-time communication of the relative positions of objects in the scene (that is, a radar!).

The big picture

The UI can be used for three main purposes:

  1. To display static (unchanging) values, such as the name or logo image of the game, or word labels such as Level...

Creating UI Buttons to move between scenes

As well as scenes where the player plays the game, most games will have menu screens, which display to the user messages about instructions, high scores, the level they have reached so far, and so on. Unity provides UI Buttons to offer users a simple way to indicate their choices.

In this recipe, we'll create a very simple game consisting of two screens, each with a button to load the other one, as illustrated in the screenshot:

How to do it...

To create a button-navigable multi-scene game, follow these steps:

  1. Create a new Unity 2D project.
  2. Save the current (empty) scene, in a new folder, _Scenes, naming the scene page1.
  3. Add a UI Text object positioned at the top center of...

Animating button properties on mouse-over

At the end of the previous recipe, we illustrated two ways to visually communicate buttons to users. The Animation of button properties can be a highly effective, and visually interesting, way to reinforce to the user that the item their mouse is currently over is a clickable, active button. One common animation effect is for a button to get larger when the mouse is over it, and then it shrinks back to its original size when the mouse pointer is moved away. Animation effects are achieved by choosing the Animation option for the Transition property of a Button GameObject, and by creating an animation controller with triggers for the Normal, Highlighted, Pressed, and Disabled states.

How to do it...

...

Organizing image panels and changing panel depths via buttons

UI Panels are provided by Unity to allow UI controls to be grouped and moved together, and also to visually group elements with an Image background (if desired). The sibling depth is what determines which UI elements will appear above or below others. We can see the sibling depth explicitly in the Hierarchy, since the top-to-bottom sequence of UI GameObjects in the Hierarchy sets the sibling depth. So, the first item has a depth of 1, the second has a depth of 2, and so on. The UI GameObjects with larger sibling depths (further down the Hierarchy and so drawn later) appear above the UI GameObjects with lower sibling depths.

In this recipe, we'll create three UI Panels, each showing a different playing card image. We'll also add four triangle arrangement buttons to change the display order (move to bottom,...

Displaying the value of an interactive UI Slider

This recipe illustrates how to create an interactive UI Slider, and execute a C# method each time the user changes the UI Slider value:

How to do it...

To create a UI Slider and display its value on the screen, follow these steps:

  1. Create a new 2D project.
  1. Add a UI Text GameObject to the scene with a Font size of 30 and placeholder text, such as slider value here (this text will be replaced with the slider value when the scene starts). Set Horizontal- and Vertical- Overflow to Overflow.
  2. In the Hierarchy add a UI Slider GameObject to the scene – choose menu: GameObject | UI | Slider.
  3. In the Inspector, modify the settings for the position of the UI Slider GameObject...

Displaying a countdown timer graphically with a UI Slider

There are many cases where we wish to inform the player of the proportion of time remaining, or at the completion of some value at a point in time, for example, a loading progress bar, the time or health remaining compared to the starting maximum, or how much the player has filled up their water bottle from the fountain of youth. In this recipe, we'll illustrate how to remove the interactive "handle" of a UI Slider, and change the size and color of its components to provide us with an easy-to-use, general purpose progress/proportion bar. In this recipe, we'll use our modified UI Slider to graphically present to the user how much time remains for a countdown timer:

Getting ready

...

Setting custom mouse cursors for 2D and 3D GameObjects

Cursor icons are often used to indicate the nature of the interaction that can be done with the mouse. Zooming, for instance, might be illustrated by a magnifying glass; shooting, on the other hand, is usually represented by a stylized target. In this recipe, we will learn how to implement custom mouse cursor icons to better illustrate your gameplay – or just to escape the Windows, macOS, and Linux default UI:


Getting ready

For this recipe, we have prepared the folders that you'll need in the 02_06 folder.

How to do it...

...

Setting custom mouse cursors for UI controls

The previous recipe demonstrated how to change the mouse pointer for 2D and 3D GameObjects receiving OnMouseEnter and OnMouseExit events. Unity UI controls do not receive OnMouseEnter and OnMouseExit events. Instead, UI controls can be made to respond to PointerEnter and PointerExit events if we add a special Event Trigger component to the UI GameObject. In this recipe, we'll change the mouse pointer to a custom magnifying glass cursor when it moves over a UI Button GameObject:

Getting ready

For this recipe, we'll use the same asset files as for the previous recipe, and its CustomCursorPointer C# script class, all of which can be found in the 02_07 folder.

...

Interactive text entry with an Input Field

While often we just wish to display non-interactive text messages to the user, there are times (such as name entry for high scores) where we want the user to be able to enter text or numbers into our game. Unity provides the UI Input Field component for this purpose. In this recipe, we'll create an Input Field that prompts the user to enter their name:

Having interactive text on the screen isn't of much use unless we can retrieve the text entered to use in our game logic, and we may need to know each time the user changes the text content and act accordingly. This recipe adds an event-handler C# script that detects each time the user has completed editing the text, and updates an extra message on screen confirming the newly-entered content.

...

Toggles and radio buttons via Toggle Groups

Users make choices, and often, these choices have one of two options (for example, sound on or off), or sometimes one of several possibilities (for example, difficulty level as easy/medium/hard). Unity UI Toggles allows users to turn options on and off; and when combined with Toggle Groups, they restrict choices to one of the group of items. In this recipe, we'll first explore the basic Toggle, and a script to respond to a change in values. Then, we'll extend the example to illustrate Toggle Groups, and styling these with round images to make them look more like traditional radio buttons.

The screenshot shows how the button's status changes are logged in the Console panel when the scene is running:

Getting ready

...

Creating text and image icon UI Dropdown menus

In the previous recipe, we created radio-style buttons with a Toggle Group, to present the user with a choice of one of many options. Another way to offer a range of choices is with a drop-down menu. Unity provides the UI Dropdown control for such menus. In this recipe, we'll offer the user a drop-down choice for the suit of a deck of cards (hearts, clubs, diamonds, or spades).

Note, the UI Dropdown created by default includes a scrollable area, in case there isn't space for all the options. We'll learn how to remove the GameObjects and components, to reduce complexity when such a feature is not required.

Then we'll learn how to add icon images with each menu option, as shown in the screenshot:

Getting ready

...

Displaying a radar to indicate the relative locations of objects

A radar displays the locations of other objects relative to the player, usually based on a circular display, where the center represents the player, and each graphical blip indicates how far away and what relative direction objects are to the player. Sophisticated radar displays will display different categories of objects with different colored or shaped blip icons.

In the screenshot, we can see two red square blips, indicating the relative position of the two red cube GameObjects tagged Cube near the player, and a yellow circle blip indicating the relative position of the yellow sphere GameObject tagged Sphere. The green circle radar background image gives the impression of an aircraft control tower radar or something similar:

...
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Key benefits

  • Become proficient at traditional 2D and 3D game development
  • Build amazing interactive interfaces with Unity's UI system
  • Develop professional games with realistic animation and graphics, materials and cameras, and AI with Unity 2018

Description

With the help of the Unity 2018 Cookbook, you’ll discover how to make the most of the UI system and understand how to animate both 2D and 3D characters and game scene objects using Unity's Mecanim animation toolsets. Once you’ve got to grips with the basics, you will familiarize yourself with shaders and Shader Graphs, followed by understanding the animation features to enhance your skills in building fantastic games. In addition to this, you will discover AI and navigation techniques for nonplayer character control and later explore Unity 2018’s newly added features to improve your 2D and 3D game development skills. This book provides many Unity C# gameplay scripting techniques. By the end of this book, you'll have gained comprehensive knowledge in game development with Unity 2018.

Who is this book for?

Unity 2018 Cookbook is for you if you want to explore a wide range of Unity scripting and multimedia features and find ready-to-use solutions for many game features. This book also helps programmers explore multimedia features. It is assumed that you already know basics of Unity and have some programming knowledge of C#.

What you will learn

  • Get creative with Unity's shaders and learn to build your own shaders with the new Shader Graph tool
  • Create a text and image character dialog with the free Fungus Unity plugin
  • Explore new features integrated into Unity 2018, including TextMesh Pro and ProBuilder
  • Master Unity audio, including ducking, reverbing, and matching pitch to animation speeds
  • Work with the new Cinemachine and timeline to intelligently control camera movements
  • Improve ambiance through the use of lights and effects, including reflection and light probes
  • Create stylish user interfaces with the UI system, including power bars and clock displays
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Publication date : Aug 31, 2018
Length: 794 pages
Edition : 3rd
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781788471909
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Unity Technologies
Category :
Game Development
Languages :
C#
Concepts :
3D Game Development
Tools :
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Publication date : Aug 31, 2018
Length: 794 pages
Edition : 3rd
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781788471909
Vendor :
Unity Technologies
Category :
Game Development
Languages :
C#
Concepts :
3D Game Development
Tools :
Unity

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Table of Contents

21 Chapters
Displaying Data with Core UI Elements Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Displaying Data with Core UI Elements
Introduction
Displaying a "Hello World" UI text message
Displaying a digital clock
Displaying a digital countdown timer
Creating a message that fades away
Displaying a perspective 3D Text Mesh
Creating sophisticated text with TextMeshPro
Displaying an image
Creating UIs with the Fungus open source dialog system
Creating a Fungus character dialog with images
Responding to User Events for Interactive UIs Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Responding to User Events for Interactive UIs
Introduction
Creating UI Buttons to move between scenes
Animating button properties on mouse-over
Organizing image panels and changing panel depths via buttons
Displaying the value of an interactive UI Slider
Displaying a countdown timer graphically with a UI Slider
Setting custom mouse cursors for 2D and 3D GameObjects
Setting custom mouse cursors for UI controls
Interactive text entry with an Input Field
Toggles and radio buttons via Toggle Groups
Creating text and image icon UI Dropdown menus
Displaying a radar to indicate the relative locations of objects
Inventory UIs Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Inventory UIs
Introduction
Creating a simple 2D mini-game – SpaceGirl
Displaying single object pickups with carrying and not-carrying text
Displaying single object pickups with carrying and not-carrying icons
Displaying multiple pickups of the same object with multiple status icons
Using panels to visually outline the inventory UI area and individual items
Creating a C# inventory slot UI display scripted component
Using UI Grid Layout Groups to automatically populate a panel
Displaying multiple pickups of different objects as a list of text via a dynamic List<> of scripted PickUp objects
Displaying multiple pickups of different objects as text totals via a dynamic Dictionary<> of PickUp objects and enum pickup types
Playing and Manipulating Sounds Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Playing and Manipulating Sounds
Introduction
Playing different one-off sound effects with a single AudioSource component
Playing and controlling different sounds each with their own AudioSource component
Creating just-in-time AudioSource components at runtime through C# scripting
Delaying before playing a sound
Preventing an Audio Clip from restarting if it is already playing
Waiting for the audio to finish playing before auto-destructing an object
Creating a metronome through the precise scheduling of sounds with dspTime
Matching the audio pitch to the animation speed
Simulating acoustic environments with Reverb Zones
Adding volume control with Audio Mixers
Making a dynamic soundtrack with Snapshots
Balancing in-game audio with Ducking
Audio visualization from sample spectral data
Synchronizing simultaneous and sequential music to create a simple 140 bpm music-loop manager
Creating Textures, Maps, and Materials Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Creating Textures, Maps, and Materials
Introduction
Creating a basic material with Standard Shader (Specular setup)
Adapting a basic material from Specular setup to Metallic
Applying Normal maps to a Material
Adding Transparency and Emission maps to a material
Highlighting materials at mouse-over
Adding Detail maps to a material
Fading the transparency of a material
Shader Graphs and Video Players Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Shader Graphs and Video Players
Introduction
Playing videos by manually adding a VideoPlayer component to a GameObject
Using scripting to control video playback on scene textures
Using scripting to play a sequence of videos back-to-back
Creating and using a simple Shader Graph
Creating a glow effect with Shader Graph
Toggling a Shader Graph color glow effect through C# code
Using Cameras Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Using Cameras
Introduction
Creating the basic scene for this chapter
Creating a picture-in-picture effect
Switching between multiple cameras
Making textures from screen content
Zooming a telescopic camera
Displaying a minimap
Creating an in-game surveillance Camera
Working with Unity's multi-purpose camera rig
Using Cinemachine ClearShot to switch cameras to keep the player in shot
Letting the player switch to a Cinemachine FreeLook camera
Lights and Effects Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Lights and Effects
Introduction
Directional Light with cookie Texture to simulate a cloudy day
Creating and applying a cookie texture to a spotlight
Adding a custom Reflection map to a scene
Creating a laser aim with a projector
Enhancing the laser aim with a Line Renderer
Setting up an environment with Procedural Skybox and Directional Light
Reflecting surrounding objects with Reflection Probes
Using Material Emission to bake light from a glowing lamp onto scene objects
Lighting a simple scene with Lightmaps and Light Probes
2D Animation Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
2D Animation
Introduction
Flipping a sprite horizontally – the DIY approach
Flipping a sprite horizontally – using Animator State Chart and Transitions
Animating body parts for character movement events
Creating a three-frame animation clip to make a platform continually animate
Making a platform start falling once stepped on using a Trigger to move animation from one state to another
Creating animation clips from sprite sheet sequences
Creating a platform game with Tiles and Tilemaps
Creating a game with the 2D Gamekit
3D Animation Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
3D Animation
Introduction
Configuring a character's Avatar and idle animation
Moving your character with root motion and Blend Trees
Mixing animations with Layers and Masks
Organizing States into Sub-state Machines
Transforming the Character Controller via scripts
Adding rigid props to animated characters
Using Animation Events to throw an object
Applying Ragdoll physics to a character
Rotating the character's torso to aim a weapon
Creating geometry with Probuilder
Creating a game with the 3D Gamekit
Importing third-party 3D models and animations from Mixamo
Webserver Communication and Online Version-Control Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Webserver Communication and Online Version-Control
Introduction
Setting up a leaderboard using PHP and a database
Unity game communication with web-server leaderboard
Creating and cloning a GitHub repository
Adding a Unity project to a local Git repository, and pushing files up to GitHub
Unity project version-control using GitHub for Unity
Preventing your game from running on unknown servers
Controlling and Choosing Positions Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Controlling and Choosing Positions
Introduction
Player control of a 2D GameObject (and limiting the movement within a rectangle)
Player control of a 3D GameObject (and limiting the movement within a rectangle)
Choosing destinations – finding a random spawn point
Choosing destinations – finding the nearest spawn point
Choosing destinations – respawning to the most recently passed checkpoint
Moving objects by clicking on them
Firing projectiles in the direction of movement
Navigation Meshes and Agents Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Navigation Meshes and Agents
Introduction
NPC to travel to destination while avoiding obstacles
NPC to seek or flee from a moving object
Point-and-click move to object
Point-and-click move to tile
Point-and-click Raycast with user-defined higher-cost Navigation Areas
NPC NavMeshAgent to follow waypoints in a sequence
Controlling object group movement through flocking
Creating a movable NavMesh Obstacle
Design Patterns Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Design Patterns
Introduction
State-driven behavior DIY states
State-driven behavior using the State Design Pattern
State-driven behavior with Unity Scriptable Objects
Publisher-Subscriber pattern C# delegates and events
Model-View-Controller (MVC) pattern
Editor Extensions and Immediate Mode GUI (IMGUI) Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Editor Extensions and Immediate Mode GUI (IMGUI)
Introduction
Menu items to log messages and clear the console
Displaying a panel with text data
An interactive panel with persistent storage
Creating GameObjects, parenting, and registering Undo actions
Working with selected objects and deactivating menu items
Menu item to create 100 randomly positioned prefab clones
A progress bar to display proportion completed of Editor extension processing
An editor extension to allow pickup type (and parameters) to be changed at design time via a custom Inspector UI
An editor extension to have an object-creator GameObject, with buttons to instantiate different pickups at cross-hair object location in scene
Extensible class-based code architecture to manage complex IMGUIs
Working with External Resource Files and Devices Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Working with External Resource Files and Devices
Introduction
Loading external resource files – using Unity Default Resources
Loading external resource files by downloading files from the internet
Loading external resource files by manually storing files in the Unity 
Resources or StreamingAssets folders
Saving Project files into Unity Asset Bundles
Loading resources from Unity Asset Bundles
Working with Plain Text, XML, and JSON Text Files Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Working with Plain Text, XML, and JSON Text Files
Introduction
Loading external text files using the TextAsset public variable
Loading external text files using C# file streams
Saving external text files with C# file streams
Loading and parsing external XML
Creating XML text data manually using XMLWriter
Saving and loading XML text data automatically through serialization
Creating XML text files – saving XML directly to text files with XMLDocument.Save()
Creating JSON strings from individual objects and lists of objects
Creating individual objects and Lists of objects from JSON strings
Virtual Reality and Extra Features Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Virtual Reality and Extra Features
Introduction
Saving screenshots from the game
Saving and loading player data – using static properties
Saving and loading player data – using PlayerPrefs
Loading game data from a text file map
UI Slider to change game quality settings
Pausing the game
Implementing slow motion
Using Gizmo to show the currently selected object in a scene panel
Editor snap-to grid drawn by Gizmo
Creating a VR project
Adding 360-degree videos to a VR project
Working with VR content inside a VR environment – the XR Editor
Automated Testing Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Automated Testing
Introduction
Generating a default test script class
A simple unit test
Parameterizing tests with a data provider method
Unit testing a simple health script class
Creating and executing a unit test in Play mode
PlayMode testing a door animation
PlayMode and Unit Testing a player health bar with events, logging, and exceptions
Bonus Chapters Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Bonus Chapters
Working with External Resource Files and Devices
Working with Plain Text, XML, and JSON Text Files
Virtual Reality and Extra Features
Automated Testing
Other Books You May Enjoy Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Other Books You May Enjoy
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Customer reviews

Rating distribution
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Half star icon Empty star icon 3.7
(3 Ratings)
5 star 66.7%
4 star 0%
3 star 0%
2 star 0%
1 star 33.3%
Hanseung Chae Nov 12, 2018
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
It is a great book that if you are just starting Unity. Also, it has some contents valid to the old user who had never touched Unity after 5 released. There is a good solution how to handle UI stuffs and optimizing.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Amazon Customer Oct 31, 2020
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Delivered on time, perfect
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Maury Amezcua Jan 08, 2019
Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 1
Nothing against the authors of the books but the Publisher Packt. All these "books" with this cover format are actually written specifically for a online learning database, so the pictures in the book are really small and the project files mentioned in the text aren't included with the Amazon purchase. It's like the publisher just went through each lesson and converted the pages to PDF, then turned them into books to sell on Amazon.
Amazon Verified review Amazon

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About the authors

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Profile icon Matt Smith
Matt Smith
Matt Smith is a computing academic at what will soon become the Technological University of Dublin, Ireland. Matt started computer programming on a brand new ZX80 and submitted 2 games for his computing O-level exam. After nearly 10 years as a full-time student on a succession of scholarships, he gained several degrees in computing, including a PhD in computational musicology. In 1985 Matt wrote the lyrics, and was in the band (and sang, sorry about that by the way) whose music appeared on the B-side of the audio cassette carrying the computer game Confuzion. Matt is a documentation author for the open source Fungus Unity project. With his children he studies and teaches Taekwon-Do, and all three of them are beginning guitar lessons in 2018.
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Profile icon Francisco Queiroz
Francisco Queiroz
Chico Queiroz is a multimedia designer from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Chico initiated his career back in 2000, soon after graduating in Communications/Advertising (PUC-Rio), working with advergames and webgames using Flash and Director at LocZ Multimedia. Here he contributed to the design and development of games for clients, such as Volkswagen and Parmalat, along with some independent titles. Chico has a Master's Degree in Digital Game Design (University for the Creative Arts, UK). His final project was exhibited at events and festivals, such as London Serious Games Showcase and FILE. Chico has also published articles for academic conferences and websites, such as gameology.org, gamasutra.com, and gamecareerguide.com. He curated and organized an exhibition, held at SBGames 2009, which explored connections between video games and art. SBGames is the annual symposium of the Special Commission of Games and Digital Entertainment of the Computing Brazilian Society. Chico currently works as a Digital Designer at the Computer Graphics Technology Group (TecGraf), within the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), where he, among other responsibilities, uses Unity to develop interactive presentations and concept prototypes for interactive visualization software. He also works as a lecturer at PUC-Rio, teaching undergraduate Design students 3D modeling and Technology/CG for Games, in which Unity is used as the engine for the students' projects.
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Shipping Details

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Economy: Delivery to most addresses in the US within 10-15 business days

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UK:

Economy: Delivery to most addresses in the U.K. within 7-9 business days.
Shipments are not trackable

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Add one extra business day for deliveries to Northern Ireland and Scottish Highlands and islands

EU:

Premium: Trackable delivery to most EU destinations within 4-9 business days.

Australia:

Economy: Can deliver to P. O. Boxes and private residences.
Trackable service with delivery to addresses in Australia only.
Delivery time ranges from 7-9 business days for VIC and 8-10 business days for Interstate metro
Delivery time is up to 15 business days for remote areas of WA, NT & QLD.

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Rest of the World:

Premium: Countries in the American continent: Trackable delivery to most countries within 4-7 business days

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Disclaimer:
All orders received before 5 PM U.K time would start printing from the next business day. So the estimated delivery times start from the next day as well. Orders received after 5 PM U.K time (in our internal systems) on a business day or anytime on the weekend will begin printing the second to next business day. For example, an order placed at 11 AM today will begin printing tomorrow, whereas an order placed at 9 PM tonight will begin printing the day after tomorrow.


Unfortunately, due to several restrictions, we are unable to ship to the following countries:

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  2. American Samoa
  3. Belarus
  4. Brunei Darussalam
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  7. Eritrea
  8. Guinea-bissau
  9. Iran
  10. Lebanon
  11. Libiya Arab Jamahriya
  12. Somalia
  13. Sudan
  14. Russian Federation
  15. Syrian Arab Republic
  16. Ukraine
  17. Venezuela