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Threat Hunting with Elastic Stack
Threat Hunting with Elastic Stack

Threat Hunting with Elastic Stack: Solve complex security challenges with integrated prevention, detection, and response

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Threat Hunting with Elastic Stack

Chapter 1: Introduction to Cyber Threat Intelligence, Analytical Models, and Frameworks

Generally speaking, there are a few "shiny penny" terms in modern IT terminology – blockchain, artificial intelligence, and the dreaded single pane of glass are some classic examples. Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) and threat hunting are no different. While all of these terminologies are tremendously valuable, they are commonly used for figurative hand-waving by marketing and sales teams to procure a meeting with a C-suite. With that in mind, let's discuss what CTI and threat hunting are in practicality, versus as umbrella terms for all things security.

Through the rest of this book, we'll refer back to the theories and concepts that we will cover here. This chapter will focus a lot on critical thinking, reasoning processes, and analytical models; understanding these is paramount because threat hunting is not linear. It involves constant adaption with a live adversary on the other side of the keyboard. As hard as you are working to detect them, they are working just as hard to evade detection. As we'll discover as we progress through the book, knowledge is important, but being able to adapt to a rapidly changing scenario is crucial to success.

In this chapter, we'll go through the following topics:

  • What is cyber threat intelligence?
  • The Intelligence Pipeline
  • The Lockheed Martin Cyber Kill Chain
  • Mitre's ATT&CK Matrix
  • The Diamond Model

What is cyber threat intelligence?

My experiences have led me to the opinion that CTI and threat hunting are processes and methodologies tightly coupled with, and in support of, traditional security operations (SecOps).

When we talk about traditional SecOps, we're referring to the deployment and management of various types of infrastructure and defensive tools – think firewalls, intrusion detection systems, vulnerability scanners, and antiviruses. Additionally, this includes some of the less exciting elements, such as policy, and processes such as privacy and incident response (not to say that incident response isn't an absolute blast). There are copious amounts of publications that describe traditional SecOps and I'm certainly not going to try and re-write them. However, to grow and mature as a threat hunter, you need to understand where CTI and threat hunting fit into the big picture.

When we talk about CTI, we mean the processes of collection, analysis, and production to transition data into information, and lastly, into intelligence (we'll discuss technologies and methodologies to do that later) and support operations to detect observations that can evade automated detections. Threat hunting searches for adversary activity that cannot be detected through the use of traditional signature-based defensive tools. These mainly include profiling and detecting patterns using endpoint and network activity. CTI and threat hunting combined are the processes of identifying adversary techniques and their relevance to the network being defended. They then generate profiles and patterns within data to identify when someone may be using these identified techniques and – this is the often overlooked part – lead to data-driven decisions.

A great example would be identifying that abusing authorized binaries, such as PowerShell or GCC, is a technique used by adversaries. In this example, both PowerShell and GCC are expected to be on the system, so their existence or usage wouldn't cause a host-based detection system to generate an alert. So CTI processes would identify that this is a tactic used by adversaries, threat hunting would profile how these binaries are used in a defended network, and finally, this information would be used to inform active response operations or recommendations to improve the enduring defensive posture.

Of particular note is that while threat hunting is an evolution from traditional SecOps, that isn't to say that it is inherently better. They are two sides of the same coin. Understanding traditional SecOps and where intelligence analysis and threat hunting should be folded into it is paramount to being successful as a technician, responder, analyst, or leader. In this chapter, we'll discuss the different parts of traditional security operations and how threat hunting and analysis can support SecOps, as well as how SecOps can support threat hunting and incident response operations:

Figure 1.1 – The relationship between IT and cyber security

In the following chapters, we'll discuss several models, both industry-standard ones as well as my own, along with my thoughts on them, what their individual strengths and weaknesses are, and their applicability. It is important to remember that models and frameworks are just guides to help identify research and defensive prioritizations, incident response processes, and tools to describe campaigns, incidents, and events. Analysts and operators get into trouble when they try to use models as one-size-fits-all solutions that, in reality, are purely linear and inflexibly rigid.

The models and frameworks that we'll discuss are as follows:

  • The Intelligence Pipeline
  • The Lockheed Martin Kill Chain
  • The MITRE ATT&CK Matrix
  • The Diamond Model

Finally, we'll discuss how the models and frameworks are most impactful when they are chained together instead of being used independently.

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Key benefits

  • Get started with Elastic Security configuration and features
  • Leverage Elastic Stack features to provide optimal protection against threats
  • Discover tips, tricks, and best practices to enhance the security of your environment

Description

Threat Hunting with Elastic Stack will show you how to make the best use of Elastic Security to provide optimal protection against cyber threats. With this book, security practitioners working with Kibana will be able to put their knowledge to work and detect malicious adversary activity within their contested network. You'll take a hands-on approach to learning the implementation and methodologies that will have you up and running in no time. Starting with the foundational parts of the Elastic Stack, you'll explore analytical models and how they support security response and finally leverage Elastic technology to perform defensive cyber operations. You’ll then cover threat intelligence analytical models, threat hunting concepts and methodologies, and how to leverage them in cyber operations. After you’ve mastered the basics, you’ll apply the knowledge you've gained to build and configure your own Elastic Stack, upload data, and explore that data directly as well as by using the built-in tools in the Kibana app to hunt for nefarious activities. By the end of this book, you'll be able to build an Elastic Stack for self-training or to monitor your own network and/or assets and use Kibana to monitor and hunt for adversaries within your network.

Who is this book for?

Security analysts, cybersecurity enthusiasts, information systems security staff, or anyone who works with the Elastic Stack for security monitoring, incident response, intelligence analysis, or threat hunting will find this book useful. Basic working knowledge of IT security operations and network and endpoint systems is necessary to get started.

What you will learn

  • Explore cyber threat intelligence analytical models and hunting methodologies
  • Build and configure Elastic Stack for cyber threat hunting
  • Leverage the Elastic endpoint and Beats for data collection
  • Perform security data analysis using the Kibana Discover, Visualize, and Dashboard apps
  • Execute hunting and response operations using the Kibana Security app
  • Use Elastic Common Schema to ensure data uniformity across organizations
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Length: 392 pages
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Length: 392 pages
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Table of Contents

17 Chapters
Section 1: Introduction to Threat Hunting, Analytical Models, and Hunting Methodologies Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 1: Introduction to Cyber Threat Intelligence, Analytical Models, and Frameworks Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 2: Hunting Concepts, Methodologies, and Techniques Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Section 2: Leveraging the Elastic Stack for Collection and Analysis Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 3: Introduction to the Elastic Stack Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 4: Building Your Hunting Lab – Part 1 Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 5: Building Your Hunting Lab – Part 2 Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 6: Data Collection with Beats and Elastic Agent Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 7: Using Kibana to Explore and Visualize Data Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 8: The Elastic Security App Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Section 3: Operationalizing Threat Hunting Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 9: Using Kibana to Pivot Through Data to Find Adversaries Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 10: Leveraging Hunting to Inform Operations Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 11: Enriching Data to Make Intelligence Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 12: Sharing Information and Analysis Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Assessments Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Other Books You May Enjoy Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

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Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Half star icon 4.3
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1 star 16.7%
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Frank Fuhrmann Mar 08, 2024
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
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Ivan Paul Ninichuck Sep 02, 2021
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
I recommend this book to anyone who wants to learn more about using Elastic and the basics of both Threat Hunting and Threat Intelligence. It is a great combination of theoretical knowledge and hands on activities. I also believe that it serves as a great reference for query languages used and other day to day operations.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
James Sep 27, 2021
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As a consultant I've been around a number of ELK stack implementations, but this is a fascinating guide into their practical usage, especially around such a vital topic. Practical ideas are shared with examples to help the reader really get a good grasp of this concept, and I would highly recommend this book.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
userx21 Aug 04, 2021
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
I've read several books on Threat Hunting and Cybersecurity concepts in general. I enjoyed the structure of this book. It's almost like taking a security course with guides and labs but costs only $45. I like the structure of the book, starting with a Threat Hunting 101 - CTI, concepts, methodologies, etc. - to building a functioning lab which provides a hands-on experience. The information and concepts in the book are current and relevant to anyone wanting to start Threat Hunting or someone with experience wanting to strengthen their knowledge and skillset. I don't have a strong background using the Elastic Stack and this book did that for me.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Amazon Customer Aug 30, 2021
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
This book covers Threat Hunting, Cyber Threat Intelligence, Analytical Models and it Frameworks. all topics in details with examples.Concepts about Intelligence Pipeline, Mitre's ATT&CK Matrix.Well written, formatted and organized contains. easy to ready.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
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