Duck Typing

Ruby is a dynamically typed language. Other languages are statically typed. The difference comes down to whether, and how, the language enforces the consistency of the type of variables. The consistency can be enforced (or not, as in Ruby) on the method arguments.

For example, a method can have a single argument, and there is nothing that restricts the code from calling that method and passing a variable of any data type. You can pass strings, arrays, and integers into any argument you want and Ruby will not complain. However, the method implementation may complain if you pass it a type that it cannot handle.

While this behavior leads to very flexible code, it can also lead to vulnerable code or code that needs to accommodate many different types. There is a split among developers, with some who prefer dynamically typed languages over statically typed languages.

As Ruby enthusiasts, we love dynamic typing because of its flexibility and expressiveness. In statically...