Visualizing information
In many chapters, results are visualized using the graphics capabilities of R. Thus, we will give a very short introduction to the base graphics package, plus a short introduction to the package ggplot2 (Wickham, 2009).
The reader will learn briefly about the graphical system in R, different output formats for traditional graphics system, customization and fine tuning of standard graphics, and the ggplot2 package.
Tip
Other packages such as ggmap, ggvis, lattice, or grid are not touched on here. Interactive graphics are also beyond the scope of this book (Google Charts, rgl, iplots, JavaScript, and R).
The graphics system in R
Many packages include methods to produce plots. Generally, they either use the functionality of the base R package called graphics or the functionality of the package grid.
For example, the package maptools (Bivand and Lewin-Koh, 2015) includes methods for mapping; with this package one can produce maps. It uses the capabilities of the graphics package...
