Search icon CANCEL
Arrow left icon
Explore Products
Best Sellers
New Releases
Books
Videos
Audiobooks
Learning Hub
Conferences
Free Learning
Arrow right icon
Hands-On Natural Language Processing with Python
Hands-On Natural Language Processing with Python

Hands-On Natural Language Processing with Python: A practical guide to applying deep learning architectures to your NLP applications

Arrow left icon
Profile Icon Shanmugamani Profile Icon Muthuswamy Profile Icon Byiringiro Profile Icon Arumugam Profile Icon Joshi +1 more Show less
Arrow right icon
$43.99
Full star icon Full star icon Half star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 2.8 (4 Ratings)
Paperback Jul 2018 312 pages 1st Edition
eBook
$35.99
Paperback
$43.99
Subscription
Free Trial
Renews at $19.99p/m
Arrow left icon
Profile Icon Shanmugamani Profile Icon Muthuswamy Profile Icon Byiringiro Profile Icon Arumugam Profile Icon Joshi +1 more Show less
Arrow right icon
$43.99
Full star icon Full star icon Half star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 2.8 (4 Ratings)
Paperback Jul 2018 312 pages 1st Edition
eBook
$35.99
Paperback
$43.99
Subscription
Free Trial
Renews at $19.99p/m
eBook
$35.99
Paperback
$43.99
Subscription
Free Trial
Renews at $19.99p/m

What do you get with Print?

Product feature icon Instant access to your digital eBook copy whilst your Print order is Shipped
Product feature icon Paperback book shipped to your preferred address
Product feature icon Download this book in EPUB and PDF formats
Product feature icon Access this title in our online reader with advanced features
Product feature icon DRM FREE - Read whenever, wherever and however you want
Table of content icon View table of contents Preview book icon Preview Book

Hands-On Natural Language Processing with Python

Text Classification and POS Tagging Using NLTK

The Natural Language Toolkit (NLTK) is a Python library for handling natural language processing (NLP) tasks, ranging from segmenting words or sentences to performing advanced tasks, such as parsing grammar and classifying text. NLTK provides several modules and interfaces to work on natural language, useful for tasks such as document topic identification, parts of speech (POS) tagging, sentiment analysis, and so on. For experimentation with various NLP tasks, NLTK also includes modules for a wide range of text corpora, from basic text collections to tagged and structured texts, such as WordNet. While the NLTK library provides a vast set of APIs, we will only cover the most important aspects that are commonly used in practical NLP applications.

We will cover the following topics in this chapter:

  • Installing NLTK and its modules
  • Text...

Installing NLTK and its modules

Before getting started with the examples, we will set the system up with NLTK and other dependent Python libraries. The pip installer can be used to install NLTK, with an optional installation of numpy, as follows:

sudo pip install -U nltk
sudo pip install -U numpy

The NLTK corpora and various modules can be installed by using the common NLTK downloader in the Python interactive shell or a Jupyter Notebook, shown as follows:

import nltk
nltk.download()

The preceding command will open an NLTK Downloader, as follows. Select the packages or collections that are required:

As shown in the preceding screenshot, specific collections, text corpora, NLTK models, or packages, can be selected and installed. Navigate to stopwords and install it for future use. The following is a list of modules that are required for this chapter's examples:

No

Package...

Text preprocessing and exploratory analysis

First, we will provide a hands-on overview of NLTK by working on some basic NLP tasks, such as text preprocessing and exploratory analysis. The text preprocessing step involves tasks such as tokenization, stemming, and stop word removal. An exploratory analysis of prepared text data can be performed to understand its main characteristics, such as the main topic of the text and word frequency distributions.

Tokenization

Word tokens are the basic units of text involved in any NLP task. The first step, when processing text, is to split it into tokens. NLTK provides different types of tokenizers for doing this. We will look at how to tokenize Twitter comments from the Twitter samples...

Exploratory analysis of text

Once we have the tokenized data, one of the basic analyses that is commonly performed is counting words or tokens and their distributions in the document. This will enable us to know more about the main topics in the document. Let's start by analyzing the web text data that comes with NLTK:

>>> import nltk
>>> from nltk.corpus import webtext
>>> webtext_sentences = webtext.sents('firefox.txt')
>>> webtext_words = webtext.words('firefox.txt')
>>> len(webtext_sentences)
1142
>>> len(webtext_words)
102457

Note that we have only loaded the text related to the Firefox discussion forum (firefox.txt), though the web text data has other data, as well (like advertisements and movie script text). The preceding code output gives the number of sentences and words, respectively, in the entire...

POS tagging

We have analyzed some of the basic NLP preprocessing tasks, such as tokenization, stemming, and stop word removal. We have also explored how to determine and visualize word distribution in a text corpus. In this section, we will get deeper into NLTK by looking at POS tagging.

What is POS tagging?

POS refers to categorizing the words in a sentence into specific syntactic or grammatical functions. In English, the main parts of speech are nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, prepositions, determiners, and conjunctions. POS tagging is the task of attaching one of these categories to each of the words or tokens in a text. NLTK provides both a set of tagged text corpus and a set of POS trainers for creating custom...

Training a sentiment classifier for movie reviews

We will now look at classifying sentiments in the movie reviews corpus in NLTK. The complete Jupyter Notebook for this example is available at Chapter02/01_example.ipynb, in the book's code repository.

First, we will load the movie reviews based on the sentiment categories, which are either positive or negative, using the following code:

cats = movie_reviews.categories()
reviews = []
for cat in cats:
for fid in movie_reviews.fileids(cat):
review = (list(movie_reviews.words(fid)),cat)
reviews.append(review)
random.shuffle(reviews)

The categories() function returns either pos or neg, for positive and negative sentiments, respectively. There are 1,000 reviews in each of the positive and negative categories. We use the Python random.shuffle() function to convert the grouped positive and negative reviews into a random...

Training a bag-of-words classifier

In the previous section, we utilized simple binary features for the words in the reviews in order to learn positive and negative sentiments. A better approach would be to use latent features, such as the frequency of the words used in the text. Compared to a binary representation of the presence or absence of words, the count of the words may better capture the characteristics of the text or document. Bag-of-words is a vector representation of text. Each of the vector dimensions captures either the frequency, presence or absence, or weighted values of words in the text. A bag-of-words representation does not capture the order of the words.

The binary feature extraction that was discussed in the previous section is, therefore, a simple bag-of-words representation of text. We will now look at an example of classifying sentiments in tweets using...

Summary

In this chapter, we covered common NLP tasks, such as preprocessing and exploratory analysis of text using the NLTK library. The unstructured characteristics of real-world data need extensive preprocessing, such as tokenization, stemming, and stop word removal, to make it suitable for ML. As you saw in the examples, NLTK provides a very extensive API for carrying out these preprocessing steps. It provides built-in packages and modules, and supports flexibility to build custom modules, such as user-defined stemmers and tokenizers.

We also discussed using NLTK for POS tagging, which is another common NLP task, used for issues such as word sense disambiguation and answering questions. Applications such as sentiment classification are widely used for their research and business value. We covered some basic examples of text classification, in the context of sentiment analysis...

Left arrow icon Right arrow icon
Download code icon Download Code

Key benefits

  • • Weave neural networks into linguistic applications across various platforms
  • • Perform NLP tasks and train its models using NLTK and TensorFlow
  • • Boost your NLP models with strong deep learning architectures such as CNNs and RNNs

Description

Natural language processing (NLP) has found its application in various domains, such as web search, advertisements, and customer services, and with the help of deep learning, we can enhance its performances in these areas. Hands-On Natural Language Processing with Python teaches you how to leverage deep learning models for performing various NLP tasks, along with best practices in dealing with today’s NLP challenges. To begin with, you will understand the core concepts of NLP and deep learning, such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), recurrent neural networks (RNNs), semantic embedding, Word2vec, and more. You will learn how to perform each and every task of NLP using neural networks, in which you will train and deploy neural networks in your NLP applications. You will get accustomed to using RNNs and CNNs in various application areas, such as text classification and sequence labeling, which are essential in the application of sentiment analysis, customer service chatbots, and anomaly detection. You will be equipped with practical knowledge in order to implement deep learning in your linguistic applications using Python's popular deep learning library, TensorFlow. By the end of this book, you will be well versed in building deep learning-backed NLP applications, along with overcoming NLP challenges with best practices developed by domain experts.

Who is this book for?

Hands-on Natural Language Processing with Python is for you if you are a developer, machine learning or an NLP engineer who wants to build a deep learning application that leverages NLP techniques. This comprehensive guide is also useful for deep learning users who want to extend their deep learning skills in building NLP applications. All you need is the basics of machine learning and Python to enjoy the book.

What you will learn

  • •Implement semantic embedding of words to classify and find entities
  • •Convert words to vectors by training in order to perform arithmetic operations
  • •Train a deep learning model to detect classification of tweets and news
  • •Implement a question-answer model with search and RNN models
  • •Train models for various text classification datasets using CNN
  • •Implement WaveNet a deep generative model for producing a natural-sounding voice
  • •Convert voice-to-text and text-to-voice
  • •Train a model to convert speech-to-text using DeepSpeech
Estimated delivery fee Deliver to Ecuador

Standard delivery 10 - 13 business days

$19.95

Premium delivery 3 - 6 business days

$40.95
(Includes tracking information)

Product Details

Country selected
Publication date, Length, Edition, Language, ISBN-13
Publication date : Jul 18, 2018
Length: 312 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781789139495
Category :
Languages :
Concepts :
Tools :

What do you get with Print?

Product feature icon Instant access to your digital eBook copy whilst your Print order is Shipped
Product feature icon Paperback book shipped to your preferred address
Product feature icon Download this book in EPUB and PDF formats
Product feature icon Access this title in our online reader with advanced features
Product feature icon DRM FREE - Read whenever, wherever and however you want
Estimated delivery fee Deliver to Ecuador

Standard delivery 10 - 13 business days

$19.95

Premium delivery 3 - 6 business days

$40.95
(Includes tracking information)

Product Details

Publication date : Jul 18, 2018
Length: 312 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781789139495
Category :
Languages :
Concepts :
Tools :

Packt Subscriptions

See our plans and pricing
Modal Close icon
$19.99 billed monthly
Feature tick icon Unlimited access to Packt's library of 7,000+ practical books and videos
Feature tick icon Constantly refreshed with 50+ new titles a month
Feature tick icon Exclusive Early access to books as they're written
Feature tick icon Solve problems while you work with advanced search and reference features
Feature tick icon Offline reading on the mobile app
Feature tick icon Simple pricing, no contract
$199.99 billed annually
Feature tick icon Unlimited access to Packt's library of 7,000+ practical books and videos
Feature tick icon Constantly refreshed with 50+ new titles a month
Feature tick icon Exclusive Early access to books as they're written
Feature tick icon Solve problems while you work with advanced search and reference features
Feature tick icon Offline reading on the mobile app
Feature tick icon Choose a DRM-free eBook or Video every month to keep
Feature tick icon PLUS own as many other DRM-free eBooks or Videos as you like for just $5 each
Feature tick icon Exclusive print discounts
$279.99 billed in 18 months
Feature tick icon Unlimited access to Packt's library of 7,000+ practical books and videos
Feature tick icon Constantly refreshed with 50+ new titles a month
Feature tick icon Exclusive Early access to books as they're written
Feature tick icon Solve problems while you work with advanced search and reference features
Feature tick icon Offline reading on the mobile app
Feature tick icon Choose a DRM-free eBook or Video every month to keep
Feature tick icon PLUS own as many other DRM-free eBooks or Videos as you like for just $5 each
Feature tick icon Exclusive print discounts

Frequently bought together


Stars icon
Total $ 131.97
Hands-On Natural Language Processing with Python
$43.99
Natural Language Processing with TensorFlow
$43.99
Natural Language Processing and Computational Linguistics
$43.99
Total $ 131.97 Stars icon

Table of Contents

14 Chapters
Getting Started Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Text Classification and POS Tagging Using NLTK Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Deep Learning and TensorFlow Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Semantic Embedding Using Shallow Models Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Text Classification Using LSTM Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Searching and DeDuplicating Using CNNs Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Named Entity Recognition Using Character LSTM Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Text Generation and Summarization Using GRUs Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Question-Answering and Chatbots Using Memory Networks Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Machine Translation Using the Attention-Based Model Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Speech Recognition Using DeepSpeech Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Text-to-Speech Using Tacotron Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Deploying Trained Models Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Other Books You May Enjoy Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

Rating distribution
Full star icon Full star icon Half star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 2.8
(4 Ratings)
5 star 25%
4 star 25%
3 star 0%
2 star 0%
1 star 50%
Russell Jurney Jul 07, 2019
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
This book’s coverage of things you can do to text data using natural language processing is excellent! It is quite a menu to choose from. It does assume you know Python but it says so at the beginning so the negative reviews aren’t valid.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Santhosh Jan 29, 2020
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon 4
Lacks depth in the discussions, though the book covers important topics in NLP.Not worth the price.I supplement the book with Internet resources.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Gary Woodfine Feb 24, 2019
Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 1
I don't think I can quite put into words, just how disappointed I am with this book. I feel the authors did an extremely poor job of attempting to explain this really interesting subject. For the most part, one might get the impression that authors took snippets from other books on the subject and tried to weave it into their book.I have had to re-read several chapters of the book, several times in order to try understand what it is the authors are trying to explain. I am really interested in the subject, but in my opinion this book, has actually made it more difficult for me to understand the subject!It may of course, just be me, but I don't think this book offers a hands on approach at all
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Edward Nelson Apr 11, 2019
Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 1
I got to Chapter 4, where the authors begin to tackle neural network NLP models. The main code example in the book has errors and is incomplete. The authors use advanced functions such as a generator and name spaces, with no explanation (and a decent programmer would have trouble figuring out what is going, even after consulting information about the commands used on the Internet). So, I thought, they should have a working example in the code base for the chapter. What I found instead was a mess. I found no code for the only real example of code in the chapter. I found code that belonged under subject headings in other chapters. Of 10 files, I found only 3 with passing relevance to the chapter. These are incomplete (e.g. using data files the whereabouts of which I cannot determine) and are not code that is discussed in the chapter. I haven't taken a close look at subsequent chapters, but suspect, from a quick look through the code base and the fact that code from Ch 4 belonged in other sections of the book, that the situation is unlikely to be better there. I complained to the publisher and their solution (or more likely the authors') was to publish the code on GitHub. However, the GitHub code for chapter 4 is identical to the code with which I had problems (I did a diff across all the files).
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Get free access to Packt library with over 7500+ books and video courses for 7 days!
Start Free Trial

FAQs

What is the delivery time and cost of print book? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Shipping Details

USA:

'

Economy: Delivery to most addresses in the US within 10-15 business days

Premium: Trackable Delivery to most addresses in the US within 3-8 business days

UK:

Economy: Delivery to most addresses in the U.K. within 7-9 business days.
Shipments are not trackable

Premium: Trackable delivery to most addresses in the U.K. within 3-4 business days!
Add one extra business day for deliveries to Northern Ireland and Scottish Highlands and islands

EU:

Premium: Trackable delivery to most EU destinations within 4-9 business days.

Australia:

Economy: Can deliver to P. O. Boxes and private residences.
Trackable service with delivery to addresses in Australia only.
Delivery time ranges from 7-9 business days for VIC and 8-10 business days for Interstate metro
Delivery time is up to 15 business days for remote areas of WA, NT & QLD.

Premium: Delivery to addresses in Australia only
Trackable delivery to most P. O. Boxes and private residences in Australia within 4-5 days based on the distance to a destination following dispatch.

India:

Premium: Delivery to most Indian addresses within 5-6 business days

Rest of the World:

Premium: Countries in the American continent: Trackable delivery to most countries within 4-7 business days

Asia:

Premium: Delivery to most Asian addresses within 5-9 business days

Disclaimer:
All orders received before 5 PM U.K time would start printing from the next business day. So the estimated delivery times start from the next day as well. Orders received after 5 PM U.K time (in our internal systems) on a business day or anytime on the weekend will begin printing the second to next business day. For example, an order placed at 11 AM today will begin printing tomorrow, whereas an order placed at 9 PM tonight will begin printing the day after tomorrow.


Unfortunately, due to several restrictions, we are unable to ship to the following countries:

  1. Afghanistan
  2. American Samoa
  3. Belarus
  4. Brunei Darussalam
  5. Central African Republic
  6. The Democratic Republic of Congo
  7. Eritrea
  8. Guinea-bissau
  9. Iran
  10. Lebanon
  11. Libiya Arab Jamahriya
  12. Somalia
  13. Sudan
  14. Russian Federation
  15. Syrian Arab Republic
  16. Ukraine
  17. Venezuela
What is custom duty/charge? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customs duty are charges levied on goods when they cross international borders. It is a tax that is imposed on imported goods. These duties are charged by special authorities and bodies created by local governments and are meant to protect local industries, economies, and businesses.

Do I have to pay customs charges for the print book order? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

The orders shipped to the countries that are listed under EU27 will not bear custom charges. They are paid by Packt as part of the order.

List of EU27 countries: www.gov.uk/eu-eea:

A custom duty or localized taxes may be applicable on the shipment and would be charged by the recipient country outside of the EU27 which should be paid by the customer and these duties are not included in the shipping charges been charged on the order.

How do I know my custom duty charges? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

The amount of duty payable varies greatly depending on the imported goods, the country of origin and several other factors like the total invoice amount or dimensions like weight, and other such criteria applicable in your country.

For example:

  • If you live in Mexico, and the declared value of your ordered items is over $ 50, for you to receive a package, you will have to pay additional import tax of 19% which will be $ 9.50 to the courier service.
  • Whereas if you live in Turkey, and the declared value of your ordered items is over € 22, for you to receive a package, you will have to pay additional import tax of 18% which will be € 3.96 to the courier service.
How can I cancel my order? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Cancellation Policy for Published Printed Books:

You can cancel any order within 1 hour of placing the order. Simply contact customercare@packt.com with your order details or payment transaction id. If your order has already started the shipment process, we will do our best to stop it. However, if it is already on the way to you then when you receive it, you can contact us at customercare@packt.com using the returns and refund process.

Please understand that Packt Publishing cannot provide refunds or cancel any order except for the cases described in our Return Policy (i.e. Packt Publishing agrees to replace your printed book because it arrives damaged or material defect in book), Packt Publishing will not accept returns.

What is your returns and refunds policy? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Return Policy:

We want you to be happy with your purchase from Packtpub.com. We will not hassle you with returning print books to us. If the print book you receive from us is incorrect, damaged, doesn't work or is unacceptably late, please contact Customer Relations Team on customercare@packt.com with the order number and issue details as explained below:

  1. If you ordered (eBook, Video or Print Book) incorrectly or accidentally, please contact Customer Relations Team on customercare@packt.com within one hour of placing the order and we will replace/refund you the item cost.
  2. Sadly, if your eBook or Video file is faulty or a fault occurs during the eBook or Video being made available to you, i.e. during download then you should contact Customer Relations Team within 14 days of purchase on customercare@packt.com who will be able to resolve this issue for you.
  3. You will have a choice of replacement or refund of the problem items.(damaged, defective or incorrect)
  4. Once Customer Care Team confirms that you will be refunded, you should receive the refund within 10 to 12 working days.
  5. If you are only requesting a refund of one book from a multiple order, then we will refund you the appropriate single item.
  6. Where the items were shipped under a free shipping offer, there will be no shipping costs to refund.

On the off chance your printed book arrives damaged, with book material defect, contact our Customer Relation Team on customercare@packt.com within 14 days of receipt of the book with appropriate evidence of damage and we will work with you to secure a replacement copy, if necessary. Please note that each printed book you order from us is individually made by Packt's professional book-printing partner which is on a print-on-demand basis.

What tax is charged? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Currently, no tax is charged on the purchase of any print book (subject to change based on the laws and regulations). A localized VAT fee is charged only to our European and UK customers on eBooks, Video and subscriptions that they buy. GST is charged to Indian customers for eBooks and video purchases.

What payment methods can I use? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

You can pay with the following card types:

  1. Visa Debit
  2. Visa Credit
  3. MasterCard
  4. PayPal
What is the delivery time and cost of print books? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Shipping Details

USA:

'

Economy: Delivery to most addresses in the US within 10-15 business days

Premium: Trackable Delivery to most addresses in the US within 3-8 business days

UK:

Economy: Delivery to most addresses in the U.K. within 7-9 business days.
Shipments are not trackable

Premium: Trackable delivery to most addresses in the U.K. within 3-4 business days!
Add one extra business day for deliveries to Northern Ireland and Scottish Highlands and islands

EU:

Premium: Trackable delivery to most EU destinations within 4-9 business days.

Australia:

Economy: Can deliver to P. O. Boxes and private residences.
Trackable service with delivery to addresses in Australia only.
Delivery time ranges from 7-9 business days for VIC and 8-10 business days for Interstate metro
Delivery time is up to 15 business days for remote areas of WA, NT & QLD.

Premium: Delivery to addresses in Australia only
Trackable delivery to most P. O. Boxes and private residences in Australia within 4-5 days based on the distance to a destination following dispatch.

India:

Premium: Delivery to most Indian addresses within 5-6 business days

Rest of the World:

Premium: Countries in the American continent: Trackable delivery to most countries within 4-7 business days

Asia:

Premium: Delivery to most Asian addresses within 5-9 business days

Disclaimer:
All orders received before 5 PM U.K time would start printing from the next business day. So the estimated delivery times start from the next day as well. Orders received after 5 PM U.K time (in our internal systems) on a business day or anytime on the weekend will begin printing the second to next business day. For example, an order placed at 11 AM today will begin printing tomorrow, whereas an order placed at 9 PM tonight will begin printing the day after tomorrow.


Unfortunately, due to several restrictions, we are unable to ship to the following countries:

  1. Afghanistan
  2. American Samoa
  3. Belarus
  4. Brunei Darussalam
  5. Central African Republic
  6. The Democratic Republic of Congo
  7. Eritrea
  8. Guinea-bissau
  9. Iran
  10. Lebanon
  11. Libiya Arab Jamahriya
  12. Somalia
  13. Sudan
  14. Russian Federation
  15. Syrian Arab Republic
  16. Ukraine
  17. Venezuela