Chapter 1. Welcome to JavaScript in the Full Stack

What an exciting time to be a JavaScript developer! What was once only considered a language to add enhancements and widgets to a web page has since evolved into its own fully-fledged ecosystem. As of the beginning of 2015, it stands as the second most popular language in terms of questions tagged on stack overflow, next to only Java, with around a million questions tagged on it. There are tons of frameworks and environments to make it possible to run JavaScript almost anywhere. I believe Atwood's law says it best:

"Anything that can be written in JavaScript will eventually be written in JavaScript!"

While this quote dates back to 2007, it's never been more true than today. Not only can you use JavaScript to develop a complete single-page application such as Gmail, but you will also see how we can achieve the following projects with JavaScript in the coming chapters of the book:

• Completely power the backend using Node.js and Express.js
• Persist data with a powerful document oriented database such as MongoDB
• Write dynamic HTML pages using Handlebars.js
• Deploy your entire project to the cloud using services such as Heroku and Amazon Web Services (AWS)

With the introduction of Node.js, JavaScript has officially gone in a direction that was never even possible before. Now you can use JavaScript on the server and you can also use it to develop full-scale, enterprise-level applications. When you combine this with the power of MongoDB and its JSON-powered data, you can work with JavaScript in every layer of your application.

Let's quickly go through some basic concepts of Node.js and MongoDB, which would be helpful for you to follow the rest of the chapters in this book.