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Multithreading Implementation on the Processor and OS

The foundation of any multithreaded application is formed by the implementation of the required features by the hardware of the processor, as well as by the way these features are translated into an API for use by applications by the operating system. An understanding of this foundation is crucial for developing an intuitive understanding of how to best implement a multithreaded application.

This chapter looks at how hardware and operating systems have evolved over the years to arrive at the current implementations and APIs as they are in use today. It shows how the example code of the previous chapter ultimately translates into commands to the processor and related hardware.

Topics covered in this chapter include the following:

The evolution of processor hardware in order to support multithreading concepts
How operating systems...

Key benefits

Delve into the fundamentals of multithreading and concurrency and find out how to implement them

Explore atomic operations to optimize code performance

Apply concurrency to both distributed computing and GPGPU processing

Description

Multithreaded applications execute multiple threads in a single processor environment, allowing developers achieve concurrency. This book will teach you the finer points of multithreading and concurrency concepts and how to apply them efficiently in C++. Divided into three modules, we start with a brief introduction to the fundamentals of multithreading and concurrency concepts. We then take an in-depth look at how these concepts work at the hardware-level as well as how both operating systems and frameworks use these low-level functions. In the next module, you will learn about the native multithreading and concurrency support available in C++ since the 2011 revision, synchronization and communication between threads, debugging concurrent C++ applications, and the best programming practices in C++. In the final module, you will learn about atomic operations before moving on to apply concurrency to distributed and GPGPU-based processing. The comprehensive coverage of essential multithreading concepts means you will be able to efficiently apply multithreading concepts while coding in C++.

What you will learn

Deep dive into the details of the how various operating systems currently implement multithreading

Choose the best multithreading APIs when designing a new application

Explore the use of mutexes, spin-locks, and other synchronization concepts and see how to safely pass data between threads

Understand the level of API support provided by various C++ toolchains

Resolve common issues in multithreaded code and recognize common pitfalls using tools such as Memcheck, CacheGrind, DRD, Helgrind, and more

Discover the nature of atomic operations and understand how they can be useful in optimizing code

Implement a multithreaded application in a distributed computing environment

Design a C++-based GPGPU application that employs multithreading

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Paperback book shipped to your preferred address

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Aaron Nov 22, 2024

I quit reading after the second chapter. The first chapter is a really light refresher on multi-threading which felt like a great pace-setter for the book, but the second chapter takes an abrupt turn into hardware concepts that the author doesn't clearly communicate as related to the main purpose of the book along the way. I learned about ELF file architecture, tasks, processes, IPC, stacks in x86, ARM, flynn's taxonomy, multiprocessing vs multitasking vs multithreading, schedulers -- all saturated with tangential and peripheral topics and knowledge that I have no idea if, or how, its related to the core purpose of the book. It felt like I was reading a hardware instruction manual missing every other page. I'd recommend each sub-section have an explanation as to why the section is relevant to help the reader better re-orient themselves as they make their way through some VERY dense material.

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Richard W. Dec 23, 2019

The rating may improve it looked good from the first skim, I will have a better feel after a full read.

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Debasish Aug 14, 2019

Good

Anatol May 28, 2019

Question is - will you become a master in multithreading after reading this book?Answer - Not even close. It might only create such an illusion for people who never used multithreading before, but that is even worse than not having one.Table of contents looks good. I mean there are topics that I am interested in. And that was the reason I bought the book. But unfortunately you will not find useful information about that in the book itself. By saying useful I mean information that leaves you with confidence of knowledge what the subject is, what is its surrounding, when and why to use it, and how to use it.In short, the book tells you that multithreading exists, it is supported by hardware, and there are few C++ frameworks (beside native OS support) that allow you building multithreading applications. But the best way to do it - use C++17's language support for that. And then you'll be given short samples of code that show you how to use the features in their simplest way.Some information is presented for unknown to me purpose. For example, two pages of the book show 32 and 64 bits CPU's Task State Structures in details, just to show you that they are different. It seems like the author has taken material (such as images, code examples, etc.) from sources not directly related to the subject of the book. And she decided not to bother herself with stripping down unnecessary information from it or modify content in a way to make it better suited for the book. She just left it as is, sometime supplying short comments about purpose of the non-related information.API references. I would be happy to have API reference in addition to guidelines how use the API. Without that reading through API reference does not give you much of joy. There are 8 pages of tables that list a full set of 32 and 64 bit versions of atomic functions in Windows. There is short description for each one. After you read it for the first couple you can easily deduce description for remaining function from their names. And there is no information about why do they exist, what is the benefit of using them (comparing to alternatives), when to use them and when do not, what is a memory barrier, etc. For some reason author assumes that reader already knows it I guess. What is the value of this reference then? It is widely available on the internet.The OpenCL topic is almost entirely pulled from Wikipedia. Do not expect learn much (i.e. how to program it). You'll be given just an example (again from Wikipedia). But you will know what features were added in which versions of the OpenCL.Avoid this book. Complete disappointment.

A Aug 04, 2018

This book covers C++ multithreading at a very basic level that would only be useful if you never have to write any production ready multithreaded code. The book has too many errors and the code examples show the author's lack of basic C++ knowledge (the author is oblivious to mistakes in the example code). Where topics such as deadlocks and atomicity are discussed, they are only done so at a cursory level.The code examples are mis-formated as author intermingles space and tabs interchangeably believing because it's all nicely formatted in her editor it will look the same way for others regardless of what tools they use (including a camera ready copy for publishing).The title of this book is misleading, it would be better to call this book A Beginner's Guide to C++ Multithreading.Unfortunately I am yet to come across a good recently published C/C++ multithreading book, so I always fall back to David R. Butenhof's Programming with POSIX Threads which hasn't been updated for a while now and only covers the POSIX C pthreads API. It is still a very good book that delves into real world problems and treats multithreading in detail.

Mastering C++ Multithreading: Write robust, concurrent, and parallel applications

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Mastering C++ Multithreading

Multithreading Implementation on the Processor and OS

Defining processes and threads

The stack

Defining multithreading

Schedulers

Defining processes and threads

The stack

Defining multithreading

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Mastering C++ Multithreading: Write robust, concurrent, and parallel applications

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