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The Data Analysis Workshop
The Data Analysis Workshop

The Data Analysis Workshop: Solve business problems with state-of-the-art data analysis models, developing expert data analysis skills along the way

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Profile Icon Gururajan Govindan Profile Icon Konstantin Palagachev Profile Icon Shubhangi Hora
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€29.99
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Half star icon 4.4 (21 Ratings)
Paperback Jul 2020 626 pages 1st Edition
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€15.99 €23.99
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€29.99
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Free Trial
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Arrow left icon
Profile Icon Gururajan Govindan Profile Icon Konstantin Palagachev Profile Icon Shubhangi Hora
Arrow right icon
€29.99
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Half star icon 4.4 (21 Ratings)
Paperback Jul 2020 626 pages 1st Edition
eBook
€15.99 €23.99
Paperback
€29.99
Subscription
Free Trial
Renews at €18.99p/m
eBook
€15.99 €23.99
Paperback
€29.99
Subscription
Free Trial
Renews at €18.99p/m

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Table of content icon View table of contents Preview book icon Preview Book

The Data Analysis Workshop

2. Absenteeism at Work

Overview

In this chapter, you will perform standard data analysis techniques, such as estimating conditional probabilities, Bayes' theorem, and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, for distribution comparison. You will also implement data transformation techniques, such as the Box-Cox and Yeo-Johnson transformations, and apply these techniques to a given dataset.

Introduction

In the previous chapter, we looked at some of the main techniques that are used in data analysis. We saw how hypothesis testing can be used when analyzing data, we got a brief introduction to visualizations, and finally, we explored some concepts related to time series analysis. In this chapter, we will elaborate on some of the topics we've already looked at (such as plotting and hypothesis testing) while introducing new ones coming from probability theory and data transformations.

Nowadays, work relationships are becoming more and more trust-oriented, and conservative contracts (in which working time is strictly monitored) are being replaced with more agile ones in which the employee themselves is responsible for accounting working time. This liberty may lead to unregulated absenteeism and may reflect poorly on an employee's candidature, even if absent hours can be accounted for with genuine reasons. This can significantly undermine healthy working relationships...

Initial Data Analysis

As a rule of thumb, when starting the analysis of a new dataset, it is good practice to check the dimensionality of the data, type of columns, possible missing values, and some generic statistics on the numerical columns. We can also get the first 5 to 10 entries in order to acquire a feeling for the data itself. We'll perform these steps in the following code snippets:

import pandas as pd
import seaborn as sns
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
%matplotlib inline
# import data from the GitHub page of the book
data = pd.read_csv('https://raw.githubusercontent.com'\
                   '/PacktWorkshops/The-Data-Analysis-Workshop'\
                   '/master/Chapter02/data/'\
           ...

Initial Analysis of the Reason for Absence

Let's start with a simple analysis of the Reason for absence column. We will try to address questions such as, what is the most common reason for absence? Does being a drinker or smoker have some effect on the causes? Does the distance to work have some effect on the reasons? And so on. Starting with these types of questions is often important when performing data analysis, as this is a good way to obtain confidence and understanding of the data.

The first thing we are interested in is the overall distribution of the absence reasons in the data—that is, how many entries we have for a specific reason for absence in our dataset. We can easily address this question by using the countplot() function from the seaborn package:

# get the number of entries for each reason for absence
plt.figure(figsize=(10, 5))
ax = sns.countplot(data=preprocessed_data, x="Reason for absence")
ax.set_ylabel("Number of entries per...

Analysis of Social Drinkers and Smokers

Let's begin with an analysis of the impact of being a drinker or smoker on employee absenteeism. As smoking and frequent drinking have a negative impact on health conditions, we would expect that certain diseases are more frequent in smokers and drinkers than others. Note that in the absenteeism dataset, 56% of the registered employees are drinkers, while only 7% are smokers. We can produce a figure, similar to Figure 2.6 for the social drinkers and smokers with the following code:

# plot reasons for absence against being a social drinker/smoker
plt.figure(figsize=(8, 6))
sns.countplot(data=preprocessed_data, x="Reason for absence", \
              hue="Social drinker", hue_order=["Yes", "No"])
plt.savefig('figs/absence_reasons_drinkers.png', \
            format...

Body Mass Index

The Body Mass Index (BMI) is defined as a person's weight in kilograms, divided by the square of their height in meters:

Figure 2.28: Expression for BMI

BMI is a universal way to classify people as underweight, healthy weight, overweight, and obese, based on tissue mass (muscle, fat, and bone) and height. The following plot indicates the relationship between weight and height for the various categories:

Figure 2.29: Body Mass Index categories (source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_mass_index)

According to the preceding plot, we can build the four categories (underweight, healthy weight, overweight, and obese) based on the BMI values:

"""
define function for computing the BMI category, based on BMI value
"""
def get_bmi_category(bmi):
    if bmi < 18.5:
        category = "underweight"
   ...

Age and Education Factors

Age and education may also influence employees' absenteeism. For instance, older employees might need more frequent medical treatment, while employees with higher education degrees, covering positions of higher responsibility, might be less prone to being absent.

First, let's investigate the correlation between age and absence hours. We will create a regression plot, in which we'll plot the Age column on the x axis and Absenteeism time in hours on the y axis. We'll also include the Pearson's correlation coefficient and its p-value, where the null hypothesis is that the correlation coefficient between the two features is equal to zero:

from scipy.stats import pearsonr
# compute Pearson's correlation coefficient and p-value
pearson_test = pearsonr(preprocessed_data["Age"], \
               preprocessed_data["Absenteeism time in hours...
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Key benefits

  • Get to grips with data analysis by studying use cases from different fields
  • Develop your critical thinking skills by following tried-and-true data analysis
  • Learn how to use conclusions from data analyses to make better business decisions

Description

Businesses today operate online and generate data almost continuously. While not all data in its raw form may seem useful, if processed and analyzed correctly, it can provide you with valuable hidden insights. The Data Analysis Workshop will help you learn how to discover these hidden patterns in your data, to analyze them, and leverage the results to help transform your business. The book begins by taking you through the use case of a bike rental shop. You'll be shown how to correlate data, plot histograms, and analyze temporal features. As you progress, you’ll learn how to plot data for a hydraulic system using the Seaborn and Matplotlib libraries, and explore a variety of use cases that show you how to join and merge databases, prepare data for analysis, and handle imbalanced data. By the end of the book, you'll have learned different data analysis techniques, including hypothesis testing, correlation, and null-value imputation, and will have become a confident data analyst.

Who is this book for?

The Data Analysis Workshop is for programmers who already know how to code in Python and want to use it to perform data analysis. If you are looking to gain practical experience in data science with Python, this book is for you.

What you will learn

  • Get to grips with the fundamental concepts and conventions of data analysis
  • Understand how different algorithms help you to analyze the data effectively
  • Determine the variation between groups of data using hypothesis testing
  • Visualize your data correctly using appropriate plotting points
  • Use correlation techniques to uncover the relationship between variables
  • Find hidden patterns in data using advanced techniques and strategies
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Length: 626 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781839211386
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Product Details

Publication date : Jul 29, 2020
Length: 626 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781839211386
Category :
Languages :
Concepts :
Tools :

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Table of Contents

10 Chapters
1. Bike Sharing Analysis Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
2. Absenteeism at Work Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
3. Analyzing Bank Marketing Campaign Data Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
4. Tackling Company Bankruptcy Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
5. Analyzing the Online Shopper's Purchasing Intention Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
6. Analysis of Credit Card Defaulters Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
7. Analyzing the Heart Disease Dataset Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
8. Analyzing Online Retail II Dataset Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
9. Analysis of the Energy Consumed by Appliances Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
10. Analyzing Air Quality Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

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Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Half star icon 4.4
(21 Ratings)
5 star 57.1%
4 star 23.8%
3 star 19%
2 star 0%
1 star 0%
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Placeholder Mar 06, 2022
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 3
Book is not found useful although there are different projects mention by author. I wish to explore technical terms but get only few references and book would not fufilled my need. Price is too high. Finally, this is one reference book for me.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Nhikki v May 04, 2021
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Great data analysis with python book with 10 different scenarios. Datasets provided too so you can do your own analysis and the exercises. Perfect to practice and gain experience.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Jeffrey P Koskulics May 01, 2021
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
This book provides an interactive introduction to data analysis using Python. In the E-Book, examples link to a notebook instance that launches in the cloud for free on Binder in a new browser window. You can run the code as-is, or edit the code to see changes.The book covers Python libraries for data analysis (such as Pandas and Matplotlib), basic topics like Preprocessing and Exploratory Data Analysis, and advanced topics such as Time Series Analysis. Examples are clearly explained step-by-step. Notes throughout guide readers to original data sources and supplementary materials.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Nezemnaya Apr 12, 2021
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
This book is a step by step process on how to go about creating a data analysis project. It explains the data itself, what you can do with it and how you can do it. The various hypothesis testing and different correlations helped me get a better idea what I can do in my future project as a data analyst. It’s simple, easy to read and resourceful. It helps a lot to see the code and the graphs together as well as it makes it easier to understand what the code does when you run without having to run it on your own computer. The addition of hyperlinks to the data sets is super great for someone who wants to play with the data and practice the actual coding. I would recommend this book to anyone who is a new data analyst and may not want to get into the field without reading this book!
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Casie McNeil Apr 08, 2021
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
This book did a wonderful job stepping through the process of evaluating data. It used real world data sets and provided the code to perform exploratory data analysis (EDA) and simple modeling. The exercises provided great explanations for what plots help identify interesting features in a data set, and how to determine the impact those features have on a target. It is a very well thought out introduction to data analysis and data science.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
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