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Polished Ruby Programming
Polished Ruby Programming

Polished Ruby Programming: Build better software with more intuitive, maintainable, scalable, and high-performance Ruby code

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Polished Ruby Programming

Chapter 1: Getting the Most out of Core Classes

Ruby is shipped with a rich library of core classes. Almost all Ruby programmers are familiar with the most common core classes, and one of the easiest ways to make your code intuitive to most Ruby programmers is to use these classes.

In the rest of this chapter, you'll learn more about commonly encountered core classes, as well as principles for how to best use each class. We will cover the following topics:

  • Learning when to use core classes
  • Best uses for true, false, and nil objects
  • Different numeric types for different needs
  • Understanding how symbols differ from strings
  • Learning how best to use arrays, hashes, and sets
  • Working with Struct – one of the underappreciated core classes

By the end of this chapter, you'll have a better understanding of many of Ruby's core classes, and how best to use each of them.

Technical requirements

In this chapter and all chapters of this book, code given in code blocks is designed to execute on Ruby 3.0. Many of the code examples will work on earlier versions of Ruby, but not all. You will find the code files on GitHub at https://github.com/PacktPublishing/Polished-Ruby-Programming/tree/main/Chapter01.

Learning when to use core classes

Let's consider the following Ruby code:

things = ["foo", "bar", "baz"]
things.each do |thing|
  puts thing
end

If you have come across this code, then you probably have an immediate understanding of what the code does. However, let's say you come across the following Ruby code:

things = ThingList.new("foo", "bar", " baz")
things.each do |thing|
  puts thing
end

You can probably guess what it does, but to be sure, you need to know about the ThingList class and how it is implemented. What does ThingList.new do? Does it use its arguments directly or does it wrap them in other objects? What does the ThingList#each method yield? Does it yield the same objects passed into the constructor, or other objects? When you come across code like this, your initial assumption may be that it would yield other objects and not the objects passed into the constructor, because why else would you have a class that duplicates the core Array class?

A good general principle is to only create custom classes when the benefits outweigh the costs. When deciding whether to use a core class or a custom class, you should understand the trade-off you are making. With core classes, your code is often more intuitive, and in general will perform better, since using core classes directly results in less indirection. With custom classes, you are able to encapsulate your logic, which can lead to more maintainable code in the long term, if you have to make changes. In many cases, you won't have to make changes in the future, and the benefits of encapsulation are not greater than the loss of intuition and performance. If you aren't sure whether to use a custom class or a core class, a good general principle is to start with the use of core classes, and only add a custom class when you see a clear advantage in doing so.

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Key benefits

  • Learn Ruby web application design principles and strategies for databases, security, and testing from a Ruby committer
  • Understand the design principles behind polished Ruby code and trade-offs between implementation approaches
  • Use metaprogramming and DSLs to reduce the amount of code needed without decreasing maintainability

Description

Anyone striving to become an expert Ruby programmer needs to be able to write maintainable applications. Polished Ruby Programming will help you get better at designing scalable and robust Ruby programs, so that no matter how big the codebase grows, maintaining it will be a breeze. This book takes you on a journey through implementation approaches for many common programming situations, the trade-offs inherent in each approach, and why you may choose to use different approaches in different situations. You'll start by refreshing Ruby fundamentals, such as correctly using core classes, class and method design, variable usage, error handling, and code formatting. Then you'll move on to higher-level programming principles, such as library design, use of metaprogramming and domain-specific languages, and refactoring. Finally, you'll learn principles specific to web application development, such as how to choose a database and web framework, and how to use advanced security features. By the end of this Ruby programming book, you’ll be a well rounded web developer with a deep understanding of Ruby. While most code examples and principles discussed in the book apply to all Ruby versions, some examples and principles are specific to Ruby 3.0, the latest release at the time of publication.

Who is this book for?

This book is for Ruby programmers who are comfortable in coding with Ruby but want to advance their skills by mastering the deeper principles and best practices behind writing maintainable, scalable, optimized, and well-structured Ruby code. This book won’t teach you the basics of Ruby – you’ll need intermediate knowledge and practical experience before you can dive in.

What you will learn

  • Use Ruby s core classes and design custom classes effectively
  • Explore the principles behind variable usage and method argument choice
  • Implement advanced error handling approaches such as exponential backoff
  • Design extensible libraries and plugin systems in Ruby
  • Use metaprogramming and DSLs to avoid code redundancy
  • Implement different approaches to testing and understand their trade-offs
  • Discover design patterns, refactoring, and optimization with Ruby
  • Explore database design principles and advanced web app security
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Publication date : Jul 16, 2021
Length: 434 pages
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Language : English
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Product Details

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Length: 434 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781801072724
Category :
Languages :

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Table of Contents

22 Chapters
Section 1: Fundamental Ruby Programming Principles Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 1: Getting the Most out of Core Classes Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 2: Designing Useful Custom Classes Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 3: Proper Variable Usage Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 4: Methods and Their Arguments Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 5: Handling Errors Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 6: Formatting Code for Easy Reading Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Section 2: Ruby Library Programming Principles Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 7: Designing Your Library Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 8: Designing for Extensibility Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 9: Metaprogramming and When to Use It Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 10: Designing Useful Domain-Specific Languages Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 11: Testing to Ensure Your Code Works Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 12: Handling Change Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 13: Using Common Design Patterns Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 14: Optimizing Your Library Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Section 3: Ruby Web Programming Principles Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 15: The Database Is Key Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 16: Web Application Design Principles Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 17: Robust Web Application Security Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Assessments Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Other Books You May Enjoy Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

Top Reviews
Rating distribution
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Half star icon 4.6
(14 Ratings)
5 star 78.6%
4 star 14.3%
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2 star 7.1%
1 star 0%
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John Jun 22, 2024
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Clear and well-written! An excellent book!
Subscriber review Packt
k0kubun Jul 09, 2021
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
What I Like:This book is something that only the author can write. He talks about why the libraries he authored such as Roda and Sequel are better than Rails, which I enjoyed reading the most. With his knowledge as a very active Ruby committer, he also talks about Ruby 3 keyword arguments and mentions features that might get into Ruby in the future.This book discusses principles and trade-offs for a wide range of topics, not just Ruby-specific techniques. The ideas in this book would be useful even when you’re not writing Ruby, especially when it comes to web applications.What I Don’t Like:While there are many exciting contents in this book, as a Ruby developer with 8 years of experience in production web applications, Ruby core, and gems, I already knew many of the ideas and trade-offs that are written in this book prior to reading it. The whole book would be helpful for pushing intermediate Ruby programmers to advanced ones, but if you’re already an advanced Ruby programmer, it might take some time to find interesting ideas out of the chapters that talk about principles you have already thought about.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Christopher Haupt Jul 12, 2021
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
This book is a pretty useful distillation of core Ruby facts and techniques that are important to understand if you are moving from being able to "do things in Ruby" to being able to "do things efficiently and performantly in Ruby".Having participated in Ruby meetups/talks in which Jeremy presented, this book is the "async" version of that.Up to date for Ruby 3.x, the book moves through several parts, reinforcing your knowledge of the basics of the core language first, then moving on to extensibility (building libraries, metaprogramming, DSLs), before ending with the third section in the place where Ruby really became much more mainstream--web development.I found the examples to be pretty easy to understand, building up from the basics in small easy to consume pieces. There isn't a lot of filler code in here, instead focused examples with demonstrations of how things work. You can imagine Jeremy demoing these ideas to you as if you were in a virtual pairing session together. I appreciated that approachable style.If you are completed new to Ruby, this book may be a bit of a challenge. The book does indicate this is for intermediate+ readers. You may want to look at some introductory material first to ascertain you are comfortable with the base language and its flexibility. If you are an advanced Rubyist, I suspect you'll still get something out of this text, even if just confirming your core understanding and seeing how things work in the latest version of Ruby.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Peter Cooper Jul 19, 2021
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
This is an interesting book that covers what feels like fresh ground for a Ruby book, but is well trodden ground for Ruby blog posts: best practices and opinions on how to design things like classes and libraries.Some of the examples are a little artificial (no doubt due to needing to fit a lot into one 400 page book) and I don't agree wholeheartedly with every single suggestion, but broadly this is a good set of recommendations and approaches to producing better Ruby code.The book claims to be targeted at intermediate to advanced Ruby developers, but I think it's better targeted at beginners to high intermediates and would be slightly less useful to advanced Rubyists already be familiar with most of the best practices covered.I'd recommend this book to anyone who hasn't trawled through the Ruby blogosphere picking up tidbits of Ruby best practices over the years and would instead like to get a heavy dose of it in a single book.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
A. J. Firmin Aug 23, 2022
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
We use Chef at work so learning Ruby was going to be a necessity.It looks to be an excellent book but my boss told me to learn Python so had to return this after one day.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
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