Functional versus imperative versus object-oriented programming
To fully appreciate the power of functional programming, it’s essential to understand how it differs from other paradigms, such as imperative and object-oriented programming.
Imperative programming
Imperative programming is the traditional approach in many languages. It focuses on explicitly specifying the sequence of steps to solve a problem. This style relies heavily on mutable state and side effects, which can make code more prone to bugs and harder to understand as the code base grows.
Object-oriented programming
Object-oriented programming (OOP) organizes code around objects, which encapsulate data and behavior. OOP is great for modeling real-world entities and promoting encapsulation. However, it can sometimes lead to complex hierarchies and tight coupling between objects, making code harder to modify and test.
Functional programming
Functional programming, in contrast, emphasizes pure functions...
