Introduction

In the previous chapter, we learned about SQL programming. We saw that SQL stored procedures, functions, and triggers help us automate database queries and integrate web and desktop applications with SQL database resources. We can now approach database tasks, problems, and questions with confidence. However, we have only worked in sandboxes, or safe, isolated environments. We haven't had to worry about security threats and hazards. Unfortunately, real-world scenarios potentially involve major security threats and hazards, which can lead to the theft of and damage to valuable data.

Database resources are valuable, and bad actors have plenty of motivation to steal, damage, and/or destroy data. Databases that house data involving national security information, financial information, medical histories, and personal employment histories are subject to malicious attacks from hostile actors. Hackers have successfully attacked government and corporate databases from the...