Search icon CANCEL
Subscription
0
Cart icon
Your Cart (0 item)
Close icon
You have no products in your basket yet
Save more on your purchases now! discount-offer-chevron-icon
Savings automatically calculated. No voucher code required.
Arrow left icon
Explore Products
Best Sellers
New Releases
Books
Videos
Audiobooks
Learning Hub
Conferences
Free Learning
Arrow right icon
Python Microservices Development
Python Microservices Development

Python Microservices Development: Build, test, deploy, and scale microservices in Python

eBook
€22.99 €32.99
Paperback
€41.99
Subscription
Free Trial
Renews at €18.99p/m

What do you get with Print?

Product feature icon Instant access to your digital eBook copy whilst your Print order is Shipped
Product feature icon Paperback book shipped to your preferred address
Product feature icon Download this book in EPUB and PDF formats
Product feature icon Access this title in our online reader with advanced features
Product feature icon DRM FREE - Read whenever, wherever and however you want
Table of content icon View table of contents Preview book icon Preview Book

Python Microservices Development

Discovering Flask

Flask was started around 2010, leveraging the Werkzeug WSGI toolkit (http://werkzeug.pocoo.org/), which provides the foundations for interacting with HTTP requests via the WSGI protocol, and various tools such as a routing system.

Werkzeug is equivalent to Paste, which provided similar features. The Pylons project (http://pylonsproject.org), which is the umbrella organization for projects like Pyramid --another web framework-- integrated Paste and its various components at some point.

Together with Bottle (http://bottlepy.org/) and a handful of other projects, they composed the Python microframeworks ecosystem.

All those projects have a similar goal--they want to offer to the Python community simple tools to build web applications faster.

However, the term microframework can be a bit misleading. It does not mean you can only create micro applications. Using those...

Which Python?

Before we start digging into Flask, there's one question we should answer. What Python version should be used at this point with Flask, since it supports both?

We're now in 2017, and as we've seen in the previous chapter, Python 3 has made some incredible progress. Packages that don't support Python 3 are now less common. Unless you're building something very specific, you should not have any problem with Python 3.

And building microservices means each app will run in isolation, so it would be entirely imaginable to run some in Python 2 and some in Python 3 depending on your constraints. You can even using PyPy.

Despite the initial pushbacks the Flask creator had on some of the Python 3 language decisions, the documentation explicitly says at this point that new projects should start using Python 3; refer to http://flask.pocoo.org/docs/latest...

How Flask handles requests

The framework entry point is the Flask class in the flask.app module. Running a Flask application means running one single instance of this class, which will take care of handling incoming Web Server Gateway Interface (WSGI) requests, dispatch them to the right code, and then return a response.

WSGI is a specification that defines the interface between web servers and Python applications. The incoming request is described in a single mapping, and frameworks such as Flask take care of routing the call to the right callable.

The class offers a route method, which can decorate your functions. When you decorate a function with it, it becomes a view, and it's registered into Werkzeug's routing system. That system uses a small rule engine to match views with incoming requests, and will be described later in this chapter.

Here's a very basic...

Flask built-in features

The previous section gave us a good understanding of how Flask processes a request, and that's good enough to get you started.

But Flask comes with more helpers, which are quite useful. We'll discover the following main ones in this section:

  • The session object: Cookie-based data
  • Globals: Storing data in the request context
  • Signals: Sending and intercepting events
  • Extensions and middlewares: Adding features
  • Templates: Building text-based content
  • Configuring: Grouping your running options in a config file
  • Blueprints: Organizing your code in namespaces
  • Error handling and debugging: Dealing with errors in your app

The session object

Like the request object, Flask creates a session object, which...

A microservice skeleton

So far in this chapter, we've looked at how Flask works, and at most of the built-in features it provides--and we will be using them throughout this book.

One topic we have not covered yet is how to organize the code in your projects, and how to instantiate your Flask app. Every example so far used a single Python module and the app.run() call to run the service.

Having everything in a module is, of course, a terrible idea unless your code is just a few lines. And since we will want to release and deploy the code, it's better to have it inside a Python package so that we can use standard packaging tools like Pip and Setuptools.

It's also a good idea to organize views into blueprints, and have one module per blueprint.

Lastly, the run() call can be removed from the code, since Flask provides a generic runner that looks for an app variable...

Summary

This chapter gave us a pretty detailed overview of the Flask framework, and how it can be used to build microservices.

The main takeaways are as follows:

  • Flask wraps a simple request-response mechanism around the WSGI protocol, which lets you write your applications in almost vanilla Python.
  • Flask is easy to extend, and it works with Python 3.
  • Flask comes with nice built-in features: blueprints, globals, signals, a template engine, error handlers, and a debugger.
  • The microservice project is a Flask skeleton, which will be used to write microservices throughout this book. It's a simple app that uses an INI file for its configuration, and makes sure everything produced by the app is JSON.

The next chapter will focus on development methodology: how to continuously code, test, and, document your microservices.

Left arrow icon Right arrow icon
Download code icon Download Code

Key benefits

  • A very useful guide for Python developers who are shifting to the new microservices-based development
  • A concise, up-to-date guide to building efficient and lightweight microservices in Python using Flask, Tox, and other tools
  • Learn to use Docker containers, CoreOS, and Amazon Web Services to deploy your services

Description

We often deploy our web applications into the cloud, and our code needs to interact with many third-party services. An efficient way to build applications to do this is through microservices architecture. But, in practice, it's hard to get this right due to the complexity of all the pieces interacting with each other. This book will teach you how to overcome these issues and craft applications that are built as small standard units, using all the proven best practices and avoiding the usual traps. It's a practical book: you’ll build everything using Python 3 and its amazing tooling ecosystem. You will understand the principles of TDD and apply them. You will use Flask, Tox, and other tools to build your services using best practices. You will learn how to secure connections between services, and how to script Nginx using Lua to build web application firewall features such as rate limiting. You will also familiarize yourself with Docker’s role in microservices, and use Docker containers, CoreOS, and Amazon Web Services to deploy your services. This book will take you on a journey, ending with the creation of a complete Python application based on microservices. By the end of the book, you will be well versed with the fundamentals of building, designing, testing, and deploying your Python microservices.

Who is this book for?

This book is for developers who have basic knowledge of Python, the command line, and HTTP-based application principles, and those who want to learn how to build, test, scale, and manage Python 3 microservices. No prior experience of writing microservices in Python is assumed.

What you will learn

  • Explore what microservices are and how to design them
  • Use Python 3, Flask, Tox, and other tools to build your services using best practices
  • Learn how to use a TDD approach
  • Discover how to document your microservices
  • Configure and package your code in the best way
  • Interact with other services
  • Secure, monitor, and scale your services
  • Deploy your services in Docker containers, CoreOS, and Amazon Web Services
Estimated delivery fee Deliver to Czechia

Premium delivery 7 - 10 business days

€25.95
(Includes tracking information)

Product Details

Country selected
Publication date, Length, Edition, Language, ISBN-13
Publication date : Jul 25, 2017
Length: 340 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781785881114
Languages :
Concepts :
Tools :

What do you get with Print?

Product feature icon Instant access to your digital eBook copy whilst your Print order is Shipped
Product feature icon Paperback book shipped to your preferred address
Product feature icon Download this book in EPUB and PDF formats
Product feature icon Access this title in our online reader with advanced features
Product feature icon DRM FREE - Read whenever, wherever and however you want
Estimated delivery fee Deliver to Czechia

Premium delivery 7 - 10 business days

€25.95
(Includes tracking information)

Product Details

Publication date : Jul 25, 2017
Length: 340 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781785881114
Languages :
Concepts :
Tools :

Packt Subscriptions

See our plans and pricing
Modal Close icon
€18.99 billed monthly
Feature tick icon Unlimited access to Packt's library of 7,000+ practical books and videos
Feature tick icon Constantly refreshed with 50+ new titles a month
Feature tick icon Exclusive Early access to books as they're written
Feature tick icon Solve problems while you work with advanced search and reference features
Feature tick icon Offline reading on the mobile app
Feature tick icon Simple pricing, no contract
€189.99 billed annually
Feature tick icon Unlimited access to Packt's library of 7,000+ practical books and videos
Feature tick icon Constantly refreshed with 50+ new titles a month
Feature tick icon Exclusive Early access to books as they're written
Feature tick icon Solve problems while you work with advanced search and reference features
Feature tick icon Offline reading on the mobile app
Feature tick icon Choose a DRM-free eBook or Video every month to keep
Feature tick icon PLUS own as many other DRM-free eBooks or Videos as you like for just €5 each
Feature tick icon Exclusive print discounts
€264.99 billed in 18 months
Feature tick icon Unlimited access to Packt's library of 7,000+ practical books and videos
Feature tick icon Constantly refreshed with 50+ new titles a month
Feature tick icon Exclusive Early access to books as they're written
Feature tick icon Solve problems while you work with advanced search and reference features
Feature tick icon Offline reading on the mobile app
Feature tick icon Choose a DRM-free eBook or Video every month to keep
Feature tick icon PLUS own as many other DRM-free eBooks or Videos as you like for just €5 each
Feature tick icon Exclusive print discounts

Frequently bought together


Stars icon
Total 116.97
Python Microservices Development
€41.99
Python Machine Learning, Second Edition
€32.99
Python GUI Programming Cookbook, Second Edition
€41.99
Total 116.97 Stars icon

Table of Contents

12 Chapters
Understanding Microservices Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Discovering Flask Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Coding, Testing, and Documenting - the Virtuous Cycle Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Designing Runnerly Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Interacting with Other Services Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Monitoring Your Services Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Securing Your Services Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Bringing It All Together Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Packaging and Running Runnerly Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Containerized Services Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Deploying on AWS Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
What Next? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

Rating distribution
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon 4
(5 Ratings)
5 star 40%
4 star 40%
3 star 0%
2 star 20%
1 star 0%
Hugo Marquez Mar 08, 2021
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Excelente producto y tiempo de entrega
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Tomer Ram Jan 25, 2019
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon 4
Good book if you have some knowledge in the field
Amazon Verified review Amazon
vy nguyen Jun 02, 2018
Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 2
Not sure about the paper pack, but the kindle version is terrible.1. Writing and format is terrible, just like a very first draft that you complete on the last minute.2. Content: Involve too many things that are irrelevant, but wasting time to invest. For example, the monolithic with STRAVA. No, please use some simple example, capture the key things, instead of asking me registering for a website just to run the example.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Gert Feb 01, 2018
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Great book. Exactly what I was looking for. The examples are awesome. Must have if you want to implement Python Microservices.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Michael K. Fox Jan 08, 2018
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon 4
I find the online flask docs to be very terse. They’d be perfect if I already knew what I needed to do and just needed a reminder of the proper syntax. The docs show examples of how things might be done without much explanation of why one should do them that way or what’s going on under the hood. After floundering a bit, I found this book, “Python Microservices Development”, which is very helpful. It goes into just enough detail about how Flask works and also includes a lot of information about available extension packages for flask and what they are used for.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Get free access to Packt library with over 7500+ books and video courses for 7 days!
Start Free Trial

FAQs

What is the delivery time and cost of print book? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Shipping Details

USA:

'

Economy: Delivery to most addresses in the US within 10-15 business days

Premium: Trackable Delivery to most addresses in the US within 3-8 business days

UK:

Economy: Delivery to most addresses in the U.K. within 7-9 business days.
Shipments are not trackable

Premium: Trackable delivery to most addresses in the U.K. within 3-4 business days!
Add one extra business day for deliveries to Northern Ireland and Scottish Highlands and islands

EU:

Premium: Trackable delivery to most EU destinations within 4-9 business days.

Australia:

Economy: Can deliver to P. O. Boxes and private residences.
Trackable service with delivery to addresses in Australia only.
Delivery time ranges from 7-9 business days for VIC and 8-10 business days for Interstate metro
Delivery time is up to 15 business days for remote areas of WA, NT & QLD.

Premium: Delivery to addresses in Australia only
Trackable delivery to most P. O. Boxes and private residences in Australia within 4-5 days based on the distance to a destination following dispatch.

India:

Premium: Delivery to most Indian addresses within 5-6 business days

Rest of the World:

Premium: Countries in the American continent: Trackable delivery to most countries within 4-7 business days

Asia:

Premium: Delivery to most Asian addresses within 5-9 business days

Disclaimer:
All orders received before 5 PM U.K time would start printing from the next business day. So the estimated delivery times start from the next day as well. Orders received after 5 PM U.K time (in our internal systems) on a business day or anytime on the weekend will begin printing the second to next business day. For example, an order placed at 11 AM today will begin printing tomorrow, whereas an order placed at 9 PM tonight will begin printing the day after tomorrow.


Unfortunately, due to several restrictions, we are unable to ship to the following countries:

  1. Afghanistan
  2. American Samoa
  3. Belarus
  4. Brunei Darussalam
  5. Central African Republic
  6. The Democratic Republic of Congo
  7. Eritrea
  8. Guinea-bissau
  9. Iran
  10. Lebanon
  11. Libiya Arab Jamahriya
  12. Somalia
  13. Sudan
  14. Russian Federation
  15. Syrian Arab Republic
  16. Ukraine
  17. Venezuela
What is custom duty/charge? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customs duty are charges levied on goods when they cross international borders. It is a tax that is imposed on imported goods. These duties are charged by special authorities and bodies created by local governments and are meant to protect local industries, economies, and businesses.

Do I have to pay customs charges for the print book order? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

The orders shipped to the countries that are listed under EU27 will not bear custom charges. They are paid by Packt as part of the order.

List of EU27 countries: www.gov.uk/eu-eea:

A custom duty or localized taxes may be applicable on the shipment and would be charged by the recipient country outside of the EU27 which should be paid by the customer and these duties are not included in the shipping charges been charged on the order.

How do I know my custom duty charges? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

The amount of duty payable varies greatly depending on the imported goods, the country of origin and several other factors like the total invoice amount or dimensions like weight, and other such criteria applicable in your country.

For example:

  • If you live in Mexico, and the declared value of your ordered items is over $ 50, for you to receive a package, you will have to pay additional import tax of 19% which will be $ 9.50 to the courier service.
  • Whereas if you live in Turkey, and the declared value of your ordered items is over € 22, for you to receive a package, you will have to pay additional import tax of 18% which will be € 3.96 to the courier service.
How can I cancel my order? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Cancellation Policy for Published Printed Books:

You can cancel any order within 1 hour of placing the order. Simply contact customercare@packt.com with your order details or payment transaction id. If your order has already started the shipment process, we will do our best to stop it. However, if it is already on the way to you then when you receive it, you can contact us at customercare@packt.com using the returns and refund process.

Please understand that Packt Publishing cannot provide refunds or cancel any order except for the cases described in our Return Policy (i.e. Packt Publishing agrees to replace your printed book because it arrives damaged or material defect in book), Packt Publishing will not accept returns.

What is your returns and refunds policy? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Return Policy:

We want you to be happy with your purchase from Packtpub.com. We will not hassle you with returning print books to us. If the print book you receive from us is incorrect, damaged, doesn't work or is unacceptably late, please contact Customer Relations Team on customercare@packt.com with the order number and issue details as explained below:

  1. If you ordered (eBook, Video or Print Book) incorrectly or accidentally, please contact Customer Relations Team on customercare@packt.com within one hour of placing the order and we will replace/refund you the item cost.
  2. Sadly, if your eBook or Video file is faulty or a fault occurs during the eBook or Video being made available to you, i.e. during download then you should contact Customer Relations Team within 14 days of purchase on customercare@packt.com who will be able to resolve this issue for you.
  3. You will have a choice of replacement or refund of the problem items.(damaged, defective or incorrect)
  4. Once Customer Care Team confirms that you will be refunded, you should receive the refund within 10 to 12 working days.
  5. If you are only requesting a refund of one book from a multiple order, then we will refund you the appropriate single item.
  6. Where the items were shipped under a free shipping offer, there will be no shipping costs to refund.

On the off chance your printed book arrives damaged, with book material defect, contact our Customer Relation Team on customercare@packt.com within 14 days of receipt of the book with appropriate evidence of damage and we will work with you to secure a replacement copy, if necessary. Please note that each printed book you order from us is individually made by Packt's professional book-printing partner which is on a print-on-demand basis.

What tax is charged? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Currently, no tax is charged on the purchase of any print book (subject to change based on the laws and regulations). A localized VAT fee is charged only to our European and UK customers on eBooks, Video and subscriptions that they buy. GST is charged to Indian customers for eBooks and video purchases.

What payment methods can I use? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

You can pay with the following card types:

  1. Visa Debit
  2. Visa Credit
  3. MasterCard
  4. PayPal
What is the delivery time and cost of print books? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Shipping Details

USA:

'

Economy: Delivery to most addresses in the US within 10-15 business days

Premium: Trackable Delivery to most addresses in the US within 3-8 business days

UK:

Economy: Delivery to most addresses in the U.K. within 7-9 business days.
Shipments are not trackable

Premium: Trackable delivery to most addresses in the U.K. within 3-4 business days!
Add one extra business day for deliveries to Northern Ireland and Scottish Highlands and islands

EU:

Premium: Trackable delivery to most EU destinations within 4-9 business days.

Australia:

Economy: Can deliver to P. O. Boxes and private residences.
Trackable service with delivery to addresses in Australia only.
Delivery time ranges from 7-9 business days for VIC and 8-10 business days for Interstate metro
Delivery time is up to 15 business days for remote areas of WA, NT & QLD.

Premium: Delivery to addresses in Australia only
Trackable delivery to most P. O. Boxes and private residences in Australia within 4-5 days based on the distance to a destination following dispatch.

India:

Premium: Delivery to most Indian addresses within 5-6 business days

Rest of the World:

Premium: Countries in the American continent: Trackable delivery to most countries within 4-7 business days

Asia:

Premium: Delivery to most Asian addresses within 5-9 business days

Disclaimer:
All orders received before 5 PM U.K time would start printing from the next business day. So the estimated delivery times start from the next day as well. Orders received after 5 PM U.K time (in our internal systems) on a business day or anytime on the weekend will begin printing the second to next business day. For example, an order placed at 11 AM today will begin printing tomorrow, whereas an order placed at 9 PM tonight will begin printing the day after tomorrow.


Unfortunately, due to several restrictions, we are unable to ship to the following countries:

  1. Afghanistan
  2. American Samoa
  3. Belarus
  4. Brunei Darussalam
  5. Central African Republic
  6. The Democratic Republic of Congo
  7. Eritrea
  8. Guinea-bissau
  9. Iran
  10. Lebanon
  11. Libiya Arab Jamahriya
  12. Somalia
  13. Sudan
  14. Russian Federation
  15. Syrian Arab Republic
  16. Ukraine
  17. Venezuela