You're reading from Practical Arduino Robotics A hands-on guide to bringing your robotics ideas to life using Arduino

Product type Paperback

Published in Mar 2023

Publisher Packt

ISBN-13 9781804613177

Length 334 pages

Edition 1st Edition

Tools

Arduino

Concepts

Robotics

Author (1):

Lukas Kaul

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Table of Contents (21) Chapters

Preface

1. Part 1: Selecting the Right Components for Your Robots

2. Chapter 1: Introducing Robotics and the Arduino Ecosystem FREE CHAPTER

3. Chapter 2: Making Robots Perceive the World with Sensors

4. Chapter 3: Making Your Robot Move and Interact with the World with Actuators

5. Chapter 4: Selecting the Right Arduino Board for Your Project

6. Part 2: Writing Effective and Reliable Robot Programs for Arduino

7. Chapter 5: Getting Started with Robot Programming

8. Chapter 6: Understanding Object-Oriented Programming and Creating Arduino Libraries

9. Chapter 7: Testing and Debugging with the Arduino IDE

10. Part 3: Building the Hardware, Electronics, and UI of Your Robot

11. Chapter 8: Exploring Mechanical Design and the 3D Printing Toolchain

12. Chapter 9: Designing the Power System of Your Robot

13. Chapter 10: Working with Displays, LEDs, and Sound

14. Chapter 11: Adding Wireless Interfaces to Your Robot

15. Part 4: Advanced Example Projects to Put Your Robotic Skills into Action

16. Chapter 12: Building an Advanced Line-Following Robot Using a Camera

17. Chapter 13: Building a Self-Balancing, Radio-Controlled Telepresence Robot

18. Chapter 14: Wrapping Up, Next Steps, and a Look Ahead

19. Index

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Adding sound output to your robot

As with lights and displays, sound can be a great way to let your robot communicate with you or anyone else who might interact with it. Sound is made of sound waves, small pressure waves in the air that propagate to your ears and create the sensation of hearing something. Speakers create these waves by making a membrane vibrate, which in turn makes the air around the membrane vibrate to create sound waves. The pitch of the sound is dependent on the frequency of the vibration. The higher the frequency, the higher the pitch of the sound.

Creating sounds with an Arduino and a simple speaker is very easy. However, there are a few different techniques that you can choose from, so let us look at some of them so that you know your options.

Digital sound

The easiest way to create sound is by driving a speaker with a square wave, by simply switching the speaker voltage or current on and off at the frequency that corresponds to the pitch that we want...