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Java 11 Cookbook
Java 11 Cookbook

Java 11 Cookbook: A definitive guide to learning the key concepts of modern application development , Second Edition

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Java 11 Cookbook

Fast Track to OOP - Classes and Interfaces

In this chapter, we will cover the following recipes:

  • Implementing Object-Oriented Design (OOD)
  • Using inner classes
  • Using inheritance and aggregation
  • Coding to an interface
  • Creating interfaces with default and static methods
  • Creating interfaces with private methods
  • A better way to work with nulls using Optional
  • Using the utility class Objects

The recipes in this chapter do not require any prior knowledge of OOD. However, some experience of writing code in Java would be beneficial. The code samples in this chapter are fully functional and compatible with Java 11. For better understanding, we recommend that you try to run the presented examples.

We also encourage you to adapt the tips and recommendations in this chapter to your needs in the context of your team experience. Consider sharing your newfound knowledge with your colleagues...

Introduction

This chapter gives you a quick introduction to the concepts of object-oriented programming (OOP) and covers some enhancements that have been introduced since Java 8. We will also try to cover a few good OOD practices wherever applicable and demonstrate them using specific code examples.

One can spend many hours reading articles and practical advice on OOD in books and on the internet. Doing this can be beneficial for some people. But, in our experience, the fastest way to get hold of OOD is to try its principles early in your own code. That is exactly the goal of this chapter—to give you a chance to see and use the OOD principles so that the formal definition makes sense immediately.

One of the main criteria of well-written code is the clarity of the intent. A well-motivated and clear design helps achieve this. The code is run by a computer, but it is maintained...

Implementing object-oriented design (OOD)

In this recipe, you will learn the first two OOP conceptsobject/class and encapsulation. These concepts are at the foundation of OOD.

Getting ready

The term object usually refers to an entity that couples data and procedures that can be applied to this data. Neither data nor procedures are required, but one of them isand, typically, both arealways present. The data is called object fields (or properties), while procedures are called methods. Field values describe the object's state. Methods describe the object's behavior. Every object has a type, which is defined by its classthe template used for the object's creation. An object is also...

Using inner classes

In this recipe, you will learn about three types of inner classes:

  • Inner class: This is a class defined inside another (enclosing) class. Its accessibility from outside the enclosing class is regulated by the public, protected, and private access modifiers. An inner class can access the private members of the enclosing class, and the enclosing class can access the private members of its inner class, but a private inner class or private members of a non-private inner class cannot be accessed from outside the enclosing class.
  • Method-local inner class: This is a class defined inside a method. Its accessibility is restricted to within the method.
  • Anonymous inner class: This is a class without a declared name that's defined during object instantiation based on the interface only or the extended class.

...

Using inheritance and aggregation

In this recipe, you will learn more about two important OOP concepts, inheritance and polymorphism, which have been mentioned already and used in the examples of the previous recipes. Together with aggregation, these concepts make the design more extensible.

Getting ready

Inheritance is the ability of one class to get ownership of the non-private fields and methods of another class.

The extended class is called the base class, superclass, or parent class. The new extension of the class is called a subclass or child class.

Polymorphism is the ability to use the base class type for the reference to an object of its subclass.

To demonstrate the power of inheritance and polymorphism, let&apos...

Coding to an interface

In this recipe, you will learn the last of the OOP concepts, called interface, and further practice the usage of aggregation and polymorphism as well as inner classes and inheritance.

Getting ready

An interface defines the signatures of the methods one can expect to see in the class that implements the interface. It is the public face of the functionality that's accessible to a client and is thus often called an Application Program Interface (API). It supports polymorphism and aggregation, and facilitates a more flexible and extensible design.

An interface is implicitly abstract, which means it cannot be instantiated. No object can be created based on an interface only, without implementing it...

Creating interfaces with default and static methods

In this recipe, you will learn about two new features that were first introduced in Java 8—the default and static methods in an interface.

Getting ready

A default method in an interface allows us to add a new method signature without changing the classes that have implemented this interface before a new method signature was added. The method is called default because it provides functionality in case this method is not implemented by the class. If, however, the class implements it, the interface's default implementation is ignored and overridden by the class implementation.

A static method in an interface can provide functionality in the same way a static method...

Creating interfaces with private methods

In this recipe, you will learn about a new feature that was introduced in Java 9, the private interface method, which is of two types—static and non-static.

Getting ready

A private interface method must have an implementation (a body with a code). A private interface method not used by other methods of the same interface does not make sense. The purpose of a private method is to contain functionality that is common between two or more methods with a body in the same interface or to isolate a section of code in a separate method for better structure and readability. A private interface method cannot be overridden—not by a method of any other interface, nor by a method in...

A better way to work with nulls using Optional

In this recipe, you will learn how to use the java.util.Optional class for representing optional values instead of using null references. It was introduced in Java 8 and further enhanced in Java 9—where three more methods were added—or(), ifPresentOrElse(), and stream(). We will demonstrate all of them.

Getting ready

The Optional class is a wrapper around a value, which can be null or a value of any type. It was intended to help to avoid the dreaded NullPointerException. But, so far, the introduction of Optional helped to accomplish it only to a degree and mostly in the area of streams and functional programming.

The vision that motivated the creation of the Optional...

Introduction


This chapter gives you a quick introduction to the concepts of object-oriented programming (OOP) and covers some enhancements that have been introduced since Java 8. We will also try to cover a few good OOD practices wherever applicable and demonstrate them using specific code examples.

 

One can spend many hours reading articles and practical advice on OOD in books and on the internet. Doing this can be beneficial for some people. But, in our experience, the fastest way to get hold of OOD is to try its principles early in your own code. That is exactly the goal of this chapter—to give you a chance to see and use the OOD principles so that the formal definition makes sense immediately.

One of the main criteria of well-written code is the clarity of the intent. A well-motivated and clear design helps achieve this. The code is run by a computer, but it is maintained—read and modified—by humans. Keeping this in mind will assure the longevity of your code and perhaps even a few thanks...

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Key benefits

  • Explore the latest features of Java 11 to implement efficient and reliable code
  • Develop memory-efficient applications, understanding new garbage collection in Java 11
  • Create restful webservices and microservices with Spring boot 2 and Docker

Description

For more than three decades, Java has been on the forefront of developing robust software that has helped versatile businesses meet their requirements. Being one of the most widely used programming languages in history, it’s imperative for Java developers to discover effective ways of using it in order to take full advantage of the power of the latest Java features. Java 11 Cookbook offers a range of software development solutions with simple and straightforward Java 11 code examples to help you build a modern software system. Starting with the installation of Java, each recipe addresses various problem by explaining the solution and offering insights into how it works. You’ll explore the new features added to Java 11 that will make your application modular, secure, and fast. The book contains recipes on functional programming, GUI programming, concurrent programming, and database programming in Java. You’ll also be taken through the new features introduced in JDK 18.3 and 18.9. By the end of this book, you’ll be equipped with the skills required to write robust, scalable, and optimal Java code effectively.

Who is this book for?

The book is for intermediate-to-advanced Java programmers who want to make their applications fast, secure, and scalable.

What you will learn

  • Set up JDK and understand what s new in the JDK 11 installation
  • Implement object-oriented designs using classes and interfaces
  • Manage operating system processes
  • Create a modular application with clear dependencies
  • Build graphical user interfaces using JavaFX
  • Use the new HTTP Client API
  • Explore the new diagnostic features in Java 11
  • Discover how to use the new JShell REPL tool
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Publication date : Sep 29, 2018
Length: 802 pages
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Language : English
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Table of Contents

17 Chapters
Installation and a Sneak Peek into Java 11 Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Fast Track to OOP - Classes and Interfaces Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Modular Programming Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Going Functional Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Streams and Pipelines Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Database Programming Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Concurrent and Multithreaded Programming Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Better Management of the OS Process Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
RESTful Web Services Using Spring Boot Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Networking Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Memory Management and Debugging Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
The Read-Evaluate-Print Loop (REPL) Using JShell Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Working with New Date and Time APIs Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Testing Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
The New Way of Coding with Java 10 and Java 11 Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
GUI Programming Using JavaFX Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Other Books You May Enjoy Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

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JK Oregon Dec 07, 2019
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I don't understand how this book made it into print. It is filled with errors and awful advice. Almost ever few pages I want to set the book on fire.For example, let's look at the treatment of 'var' which was added in Java 10. The authors list all the different ways you can use var, including (cover your eyes):var var = 1:andpackage com.packt.cookbook.var:Why would you even suggest the first example or include the completely irrelevant second one?Next example: They discuss the Epsilon garbage collector (which is used for tuning and actually never collects garbage). They write an overly complex loop to allocate 4GB and they run it with a 4GB heap. When the allocations cause a memory error, they simply assert that is what they were expecting. That a reader unfamiliar with GC would want to know why allocating the full available space would cause an error apparently doesn't cross their minds. The reader is left to guess why they were expecting it. To top it off, as printed, the command-line options to run Epsilon contain a typo.Their discussion of Optional: "It was intended to help avoid the dreaded NullPointerException. But so far, the introduction of Optional helped to accomplish it only to a degree and mostly in the area of streams" They later repeat that it's not terribly useful when not used in streams. But they don't understand that *the whole intent* of Optional was precisely to be used in collections and streams. So the repeated complaints and general dismissal of Optional demonstrate ignorance rather than insight. Optional is a super-useful tool when working with streams.Even facts that would have been trivial to check are wrong (and this is a second edition!). For example, the first sentence on the back cover: "For more than three decades, Java has been at the forefront..." Java is about to celebrate its 25th birthday. More than three decades?The whole book is like this. I can't say that every page has a technical problem, but many sections do.Finally, there is the language. Neither author is a native speaker nor is the technical editor. And apparently no editor cleaned up the language after the authors turned in the drafts. There are many twisted sentences, others where subjects or verbs are missing, others where an expression is misused--all leading to frustrating lack of clarity at crucial points.Top to bottom, this book should be avoided.If you're looking for a good recipe book, I recommend Ken Kousen's "Modern Java Recipes" It doesn't go through Java 11, but everything in it is technically correct and the writing is clear.
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