Compensating actions and Saga orchestration

Microservices often need to have transactional behavior across multiple services. Compensating actions and Saga orchestration are two concepts related to the Saga pattern, which is a way to manage data consistency across microservices in distributed transaction scenarios.

Compensating actions

Compensating actions are used to undo the effects of a failed operation in a microservices architecture. They are often needed when an operation consists of multiple steps that are eventually consistent, meaning that the system might be in an inconsistent state until all steps are completed. If one or more of the steps fail, the system should revert to a consistent state by applying compensating actions that revert changes made by the previous steps. For example, if an operation involves reserving a hotel room, booking a flight, and charging a credit card, and the flight booking fails, the compensating actions would be to cancel the hotel reservation...