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Home > Game Development > 2D Game Development > Scratch 2.0 Game Development Hotshot
Scratch 2.0 Game Development Hotshot
Scratch 2.0 Game Development Hotshot

Scratch 2.0 Game Development Hotshot: Get up to date with Scratch 2.0 and build brilliant games without having to code. Including 10 exciting projects that cover most game genres, you'll quickly learn the sophisticated possibilities of Scratch. Have fun!

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Scratch 2.0 Game Development Hotshot

Chapter 2. Beating Back the Horde

In this project, we will make a game that is a bit more involved. What kind of game will we be making? We are going to make one of the classics, a Tower Defense game (http://old.casualcollective.com/#games/FETD2). Our game won't be as polished as the example, but it gives you a solid base to work with and develop further.

Mission briefing

We will use the cloning tools again to create hordes of enemies to fight. We will also use these tools to create cannons and cannonballs. It's easy to reuse assets from other projects in Scratch 2.0. The new Backpack feature allows you to easily exchange assets between projects. How this works will be demonstrated in this project.

Why is it awesome?

This example is a lot more involved than the previous one. The final result will be a much more finished game that still leaves plenty of room to adapt and continue building on. While making this game, you will learn how to draw a background and how to make and use different costumes for a single sprite.

We will make full use of the cloning technique to create many copies of similar objects. We will also use more variables and another type of variable called List to keep track of all the things going on in the game.

You will also learn about a simple way to create movement patterns for computer-controlled objects.

Your Hotshot objectives...

Creating a background

Because the placement and the route to walk is important in this kind of game, we will start with the creation of the background. To the left of the Sprites window, you will see a separate picture. Underneath is the word Stage and another word, the name of the picture that's being shown. This picture is white when you start a new project because nothing is drawn on it yet. The following is an example with our background image already drawn in:

Engage thrusters

We will draw a grassy field with a winding road running through it when looked at from the top, by going through the following steps:

  1. Click on the white image.

  2. Next, click on the Backdrops tab to get to the drawing tool. This is similar to the Costumes tab for sprites, but the size of the drawing canvas is clearly limited to the size of the stage.

  3. Choose a green color and draw a rectangle from the top left to the bottom right of the canvas.

  4. Then click on the Fill tool and fill the rectangle with the same color to create...

Creating enemies

We will quickly create an enemy sprite to make use of the background we just drew. These enemies will follow the path drawn in the background. Because the background image is fixed, we can determine exactly where the turns are. We will use a simple movement script that sends the enemies along the path from one end of the stage to the other. Like with the targets in the previous project, we will use a base object that creates clones of itself that will actually show up on stage.

Prepare for lift off

We will first draw an enemy sprite. Let's keep this simple for now. We can always add to the visual design later. The steps to draw it are as follows:

  1. Click on the paintbrush icon to create a new sprite.

  2. Choose a red color and draw a circle. Make sure the circle is a proper size compared to the path in the background.

  3. Fill the circle with the same color.

  4. We name the new sprite enemy1.

That's all for now! We will add more to the appearance of the enemy sprite later. The enemy sprite appears...

Creating cannons

Now that we have enemies running around our game, we need to find a way to stop them. To do this, let's use the tried and tested way of shooting them to bits. In our last game, we already made something to shoot with—the cannon and the cannonball. We can easily reuse these sprites in this game and write new scripts for them.

Prepare for lift off

To transfer sprites and scripts from one project to another easily, we can use the new Backpack feature. Look at the bottom of the Scratch window and you will see a narrow bar with the word Backpack on it and a small arrow pointing up. Click on the bar to open your backpack. If you haven't used this feature before (or aren't logged into your account), your backpack will be empty.

We will get the sprites from the previous project and place them in the backpack as shown in the following steps:

  1. First, save your active project so you won't lose any progress that you've made.

  2. To save, click on the File drop-down menu, and select Save now...

Fighting back

So we can now place cannons that shoot cannonballs in the direction of the mouse cursor. But we still aren't hitting any enemies. Let's quickly fix that problem.

Engage thrusters

We will check when a cannonball and an enemy collide and take proper action accordingly. The steps to do it are as follows:

  1. Inside the cannonball, clone repeat, and place an if … then condition block to check collisions.

  2. Check for collisions by using the touching <enemy> block.

  3. When a cannonball touches an enemy, first wait for 0.05 seconds by using the wait ... secs block. This is to ensure that the enemy has time to respond to the collision as well.

  4. Then we add a delete this clone block to delete the clone.

So cannonballs will not only expire after having traveled a certain distance, but also when they hit an enemy. You could omit this step, but that would make the game a bit too easy because cannonballs can move on and hit multiple enemies, as was the case in the Artillery Game before we fixed that...

Increasing the horde

Limiting the offensive power of the player helps to make the game a bit more challenging. But a single group of five enemies isn't much of an attack force to withstand. Let's give the player some more work to do by increasing the number of enemies and then create more enemy variants.

Engage thrusters

We will copy and edit a few scripts that we have already built to create more waves of enemies as shown in the following steps:

  1. Go to the enemy's Scripts tab.

  2. Look at the <green flag> script and see how we first set the enemy sprite to the correct position and then made a few clones in a limited repeat loop.

  3. Right-click on the wait block just before the repeat loop and select duplicate. This will create a copy of the block and everything underneath it.

  4. Drag the copy to the bottom of the script and click on it again to attach it.

  5. Move the cursor back to the first wait command and repeat the process to create four consecutive repeat loops.

  6. Change the numbers in the second, third...

Adding a base

Defeating the enemies is not enough. We need a solid goal to fight for. We will create this in the form of a base at the end of the road. The enemies will try to reach the base, decreasing its health with each enemy that enters it. The player must try to stop the enemies before they reach the base.

Prepare for lift off

We will draw the base with some face-like features. Things that look human help the player to empathize more with them. The following are the steps to create a base:

  1. Create a new sprite by clicking on the paintbrush icon.

  2. Choose a dark gray color and draw a circle. To create a perfect circle, hold Shift while drawing.

  3. Fill the circle with a light gray color.

  4. Decorate the base with some circles and squares to resemble an open gate. See the following screenshot for an example.

  5. Like the enemies, this base will have a healthbar. Pick a bright yellow color and draw a line to the top-left of the base.

The base can be hit 20 times. So it will have 20 costumes, but don't copy...

Limiting resources

We now have a decent horde of enemies threatening our base. There is still one problem though. The player can place cannons at their leisure. So they can quickly build up an impenetrable barrage of artillery. No horde could survive that onslaught.

Engage thrusters

To really make a challenging game, we have to limit the player's options a little. To do that, we will script a resource system. The player will start the game with some "credits" to build a few cannons with. When the funds are depleted, they can't build anymore. Killing enemies will gain the player some more credits and allow them to increase their artillery battery. The following are the steps to create the credits:

  1. First create a new variable called funds. This will count your credit pool.

  2. Then click on the Sounds tab to add a sound effect.

  3. Click on the choose sound from library icon and select the pop sound.

  4. Click on OK to add it to the available sounds for the project.

  5. In the stage sprite script, after emptying...

Winning the game

Just one more thing to do to finish the game. At the moment, the enemies can win the game by destroying the base. But the player can't really win the game. There's no clear end state to kill all the enemies. To finish the game, we will determine fixed winning and losing conditions and add a game screen to clearly tell the player whether they have won or lost the game.

Prepare for lift off

Let's create the screen graphic first by following the given steps:

  1. Click on the paintbrush icon to create a new sprite.

  2. Choose a dark yellow color and draw a large rectangle.

  3. Click on Fill to fill the rectangle with a light yellow color.

  4. Select the Text tool and write the text YOU WIN! in the center of the rectangle.

  5. Duplicate the costume by selecting Duplicate.

  6. Edit the text in the second costume to read GAME OVER.

Engage thrusters

To show the game screen at the right moment and to display the proper costume, we will use a script as shown in the following steps:

  1. Click on the Scripts tab to add some...

Mission accomplished

We created a very solid base for a Tower Defense game. This example showed how you can make an interesting, seemingly complex game if you just take it one step at a time. By working on one game object, thinking about what it should be doing, how you can achieve that, and then building the scripts, you can create stunning results without the need to have a grand overview of the game before you start. Many games allow incremental changes and additions, making the game more complex and interesting with each step. Our finished game shows a colorful parade of enemies as seen in the following screenshot. We better stop them from reaching their destination.

Hotshot challenges

That concludes this tutorial. But there are still many more things you can do with this game.

First of all, you can play endlessly with the variables to create a different game challenge, change the number of enemy waves, change the number of enemies in the game, or how they behave. You can change and test building funds to find the perfect difficulty level.

You can improve the graphics by adding more color and texture to the sprites. You could draw creepy faces on the enemies to make them look more like creatures.

And then, you could also add more levels in the game, change the background, and relocate the platforms and the base. Of course you have to achieve this with scripts since each level requires an update of placements and walking routes.

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Page 1 of 12

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What you will learn

  • Draw and edit game graphics
  • Construct scripts from logic blocks
  • Utilize operators and conditions to steer game actions
  • Use variables and lists to save and reuse dynamic numbers
  • Create both mouse and keyboard controls for various purposes
  • Implement natural physics effects such as collisions and gravity
  • Invent and build powerups
  • Learn how to use some advanced math, for better looking movement patterns
  • Make interesting level designs
  • Balance the game for an enjoyable experience
  • Reuse elements to speed up the building process
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Publication date : Feb 21, 2014
Length: 330 pages
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Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781849697569
Category :
Game Development
Concepts :
2D Game Development
Tools :
Scratch

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Publication date : Feb 21, 2014
Length: 330 pages
Edition :
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781849697569
Category :
Game Development
Concepts :
2D Game Development
Tools :
Scratch

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Table of Contents

10 Chapters
Blowing Things Up! Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Blowing Things Up!
Mission briefing
Creating a new project
Starting scripts
Adding targets
Creating a parabolic shot
Creating a landscape
Mission accomplished
Hotshot challenges
Beating Back the Horde Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Beating Back the Horde
Mission briefing
Creating a background
Creating enemies
Creating cannons
Fighting back
Increasing the horde
Adding a base
Limiting resources
Winning the game
Mission accomplished
Hotshot challenges
Start Your Engines Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Start Your Engines
Mission briefing
Drawing a racetrack
Creating a kart
Building keyboard controls
Using a collision mask
Dealing with collision events
Adding a second player
Finishing the game
Mission accomplished
Hotshot challenges
Space Age Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Space Age
Mission briefing
Starting with the starter project
Adding scripts to Spaceship
Updating enemy sprites
Adding scripts to Spaceship Ammo and Enemy Ammo
Adding scripts to Shield and Shield Life
Meeting your Game Manager
Adding levels – three simple steps
Mission accomplished
Hotshot challenges
Shoot 'Em Up Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Shoot 'Em Up
Mission briefing
Creating a player character
Creating an enemy
Adding enemy patterns
Shooting those baddies!
Creating background images
Using parallax scrolling to simulate depth
Adding scores and power-ups
Tweaking and balancing
Mission accomplished
Hotshot challenges
Building a Worthy Boss Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Building a Worthy Boss
Mission briefing
Sending a message
Adding a test script
Creating the boss
Creating attack pattern 1
Creating attack pattern 2
Creating attack pattern 3
Making the boss more impressive
Defeating the boss
Mission accomplished
Hotshot challenges
Creating a Level Editor Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Creating a Level Editor
Mission briefing
Planning the level map
Drawing the level tiles
Preparing the tiles in Scratch
Creating a level generator
Creating a character
Creating a goal
Adding a bomb item
Adding the bomb effects
Mission accomplished
Hotshot challenge
Dungeon Crawl Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Dungeon Crawl
Mission briefing
Adding a knight
Adding a ghost
Creating a sword
Creating a bow and arrow
Tying up loose ends
Mission accomplished
Hotshot challenges
Hunger Run Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Hunger Run
Mission briefing
Understanding scrolling
Adding scripts to the brick sprite
Adding scripts to the food sprite
Adding scripts to the player sprite
Adding scripts to the Game Manager sprite
Tweaking the game
Mission accomplished
Hotshot challenges
Sprites with Characters Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Sprites with Characters
Mission briefing
Building the robot wireframe
Coloring it metallic
Performing final adjustments
Animating
Parting with a few tips
Mission accomplished
Hotshot challenges

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Patrick Edmondson Apr 19, 2016
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Great book to learn intermediate and advanced Scratch coding.
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L Chen Feb 28, 2014
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This book is very well written, very educational and most importantly easy to understand and follow.My kids grab the book after I had a chance to read it and started making games. The book has clear, step by step instructions for building different projects.It is one of the most engaging, educational and fun books I have read in years. Highly recommended. A+++
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Alan Aug 15, 2014
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We loved this book. My 10 year old and I wrote games that we never imagined we could write. I am not a programmer and can not comment on "technique" but we had tons of fun and learned a whole lot about programming. This is a great introduction to programming.
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Amish Bhavsar Apr 16, 2014
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I have personally taught Scratch to a number of students and have always been keeping an eye out for some well structured Scratch training material. In this process, I have seen a number of books, websites, videos and everything else. Nothing comes close to this book.Jessica has nailed it with the Scratch 2.0 Game Development book. It is comprehensive, has tons of examples - that you can even download, covers almost all aspects of Scratch and is fun to use!I must buy for anyone interested in Scratch.2 thumbs up!!
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Gabriela Apr 06, 2014
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At this guide the authors develops ten projects completely detailed. First they develop the objectives of the game and then they explain the role of sprints and detailed functionality of each script, even these are shown with screenshots.They use clear vocabulary for children and also introduce the specific terminology of programming languages.Scratch 2.0 Game Development HOTSHOT is an excellent guide to make Scratch projects. I began to use it to programming games with my students and also I recomended them this book to read and awaken your creativity.En esta guía los autores desarrollan diez proyectos completamente detallados. En primer lugar se desarrollan los objetivos del juego y, a continuación, explican el papel de los objetos y la funcionalidad detallada de cada script, incluso éstos se muestran con capturas de pantalla.Utiliza vocabulario muy claro para los niños pero a la vez los introduce en terminología especifica de lenguajes de programación.Scratch 2.0 Game Development HOTSHOT es una excelente guía para realizar proyectos con Scratch. Comencé a utilizarla para programar juegos con mis alumnos y también se las recomendé a ellos para que la lean y despierten su creatividad.
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Economy: Delivery to most addresses in the U.K. within 7-9 business days.
Shipments are not trackable

Premium: Trackable delivery to most addresses in the U.K. within 3-4 business days!
Add one extra business day for deliveries to Northern Ireland and Scottish Highlands and islands

EU:

Premium: Trackable delivery to most EU destinations within 4-9 business days.

Australia:

Economy: Can deliver to P. O. Boxes and private residences.
Trackable service with delivery to addresses in Australia only.
Delivery time ranges from 7-9 business days for VIC and 8-10 business days for Interstate metro
Delivery time is up to 15 business days for remote areas of WA, NT & QLD.

Premium: Delivery to addresses in Australia only
Trackable delivery to most P. O. Boxes and private residences in Australia within 4-5 days based on the distance to a destination following dispatch.

India:

Premium: Delivery to most Indian addresses within 5-6 business days

Rest of the World:

Premium: Countries in the American continent: Trackable delivery to most countries within 4-7 business days

Asia:

Premium: Delivery to most Asian addresses within 5-9 business days

Disclaimer:
All orders received before 5 PM U.K time would start printing from the next business day. So the estimated delivery times start from the next day as well. Orders received after 5 PM U.K time (in our internal systems) on a business day or anytime on the weekend will begin printing the second to next business day. For example, an order placed at 11 AM today will begin printing tomorrow, whereas an order placed at 9 PM tonight will begin printing the day after tomorrow.


Unfortunately, due to several restrictions, we are unable to ship to the following countries:

  1. Afghanistan
  2. American Samoa
  3. Belarus
  4. Brunei Darussalam
  5. Central African Republic
  6. The Democratic Republic of Congo
  7. Eritrea
  8. Guinea-bissau
  9. Iran
  10. Lebanon
  11. Libiya Arab Jamahriya
  12. Somalia
  13. Sudan
  14. Russian Federation
  15. Syrian Arab Republic
  16. Ukraine
  17. Venezuela
What is custom duty/charge? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customs duty are charges levied on goods when they cross international borders. It is a tax that is imposed on imported goods. These duties are charged by special authorities and bodies created by local governments and are meant to protect local industries, economies, and businesses.

Do I have to pay customs charges for the print book order? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

The orders shipped to the countries that are listed under EU27 will not bear custom charges. They are paid by Packt as part of the order.

List of EU27 countries: www.gov.uk/eu-eea:

A custom duty or localized taxes may be applicable on the shipment and would be charged by the recipient country outside of the EU27 which should be paid by the customer and these duties are not included in the shipping charges been charged on the order.

How do I know my custom duty charges? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

The amount of duty payable varies greatly depending on the imported goods, the country of origin and several other factors like the total invoice amount or dimensions like weight, and other such criteria applicable in your country.

For example:

  • If you live in Mexico, and the declared value of your ordered items is over $ 50, for you to receive a package, you will have to pay additional import tax of 19% which will be $ 9.50 to the courier service.
  • Whereas if you live in Turkey, and the declared value of your ordered items is over € 22, for you to receive a package, you will have to pay additional import tax of 18% which will be € 3.96 to the courier service.
How can I cancel my order? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Cancellation Policy for Published Printed Books:

You can cancel any order within 1 hour of placing the order. Simply contact customercare@packt.com with your order details or payment transaction id. If your order has already started the shipment process, we will do our best to stop it. However, if it is already on the way to you then when you receive it, you can contact us at customercare@packt.com using the returns and refund process.

Please understand that Packt Publishing cannot provide refunds or cancel any order except for the cases described in our Return Policy (i.e. Packt Publishing agrees to replace your printed book because it arrives damaged or material defect in book), Packt Publishing will not accept returns.

What is your returns and refunds policy? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Return Policy:

We want you to be happy with your purchase from Packtpub.com. We will not hassle you with returning print books to us. If the print book you receive from us is incorrect, damaged, doesn't work or is unacceptably late, please contact Customer Relations Team on customercare@packt.com with the order number and issue details as explained below:

  1. If you ordered (eBook, Video or Print Book) incorrectly or accidentally, please contact Customer Relations Team on customercare@packt.com within one hour of placing the order and we will replace/refund you the item cost.
  2. Sadly, if your eBook or Video file is faulty or a fault occurs during the eBook or Video being made available to you, i.e. during download then you should contact Customer Relations Team within 14 days of purchase on customercare@packt.com who will be able to resolve this issue for you.
  3. You will have a choice of replacement or refund of the problem items.(damaged, defective or incorrect)
  4. Once Customer Care Team confirms that you will be refunded, you should receive the refund within 10 to 12 working days.
  5. If you are only requesting a refund of one book from a multiple order, then we will refund you the appropriate single item.
  6. Where the items were shipped under a free shipping offer, there will be no shipping costs to refund.

On the off chance your printed book arrives damaged, with book material defect, contact our Customer Relation Team on customercare@packt.com within 14 days of receipt of the book with appropriate evidence of damage and we will work with you to secure a replacement copy, if necessary. Please note that each printed book you order from us is individually made by Packt's professional book-printing partner which is on a print-on-demand basis.

What tax is charged? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Currently, no tax is charged on the purchase of any print book (subject to change based on the laws and regulations). A localized VAT fee is charged only to our European and UK customers on eBooks, Video and subscriptions that they buy. GST is charged to Indian customers for eBooks and video purchases.

What payment methods can I use? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

You can pay with the following card types:

  1. Visa Debit
  2. Visa Credit
  3. MasterCard
  4. PayPal
What is the delivery time and cost of print books? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Shipping Details

USA:

'

Economy: Delivery to most addresses in the US within 10-15 business days

Premium: Trackable Delivery to most addresses in the US within 3-8 business days

UK:

Economy: Delivery to most addresses in the U.K. within 7-9 business days.
Shipments are not trackable

Premium: Trackable delivery to most addresses in the U.K. within 3-4 business days!
Add one extra business day for deliveries to Northern Ireland and Scottish Highlands and islands

EU:

Premium: Trackable delivery to most EU destinations within 4-9 business days.

Australia:

Economy: Can deliver to P. O. Boxes and private residences.
Trackable service with delivery to addresses in Australia only.
Delivery time ranges from 7-9 business days for VIC and 8-10 business days for Interstate metro
Delivery time is up to 15 business days for remote areas of WA, NT & QLD.

Premium: Delivery to addresses in Australia only
Trackable delivery to most P. O. Boxes and private residences in Australia within 4-5 days based on the distance to a destination following dispatch.

India:

Premium: Delivery to most Indian addresses within 5-6 business days

Rest of the World:

Premium: Countries in the American continent: Trackable delivery to most countries within 4-7 business days

Asia:

Premium: Delivery to most Asian addresses within 5-9 business days

Disclaimer:
All orders received before 5 PM U.K time would start printing from the next business day. So the estimated delivery times start from the next day as well. Orders received after 5 PM U.K time (in our internal systems) on a business day or anytime on the weekend will begin printing the second to next business day. For example, an order placed at 11 AM today will begin printing tomorrow, whereas an order placed at 9 PM tonight will begin printing the day after tomorrow.


Unfortunately, due to several restrictions, we are unable to ship to the following countries:

  1. Afghanistan
  2. American Samoa
  3. Belarus
  4. Brunei Darussalam
  5. Central African Republic
  6. The Democratic Republic of Congo
  7. Eritrea
  8. Guinea-bissau
  9. Iran
  10. Lebanon
  11. Libiya Arab Jamahriya
  12. Somalia
  13. Sudan
  14. Russian Federation
  15. Syrian Arab Republic
  16. Ukraine
  17. Venezuela