The basics of images

When we say camera, we don't necessarily think of it as a sensor, even tough it is one. However, it is slightly different from all the sensors that we have studied until now. Most of the sensors are consisting of one sensing element such as proximity sensing, temperature sensing, or passive IR sensing. With a camera, what we are doing is capturing light; now, rather than having one light sensor, we have multiple, in fact an array of millions of these sensors grouped together on a single chip. But the story does not end here, and these sensors not only capture just light, but also different intensities of light; they can sense the color spectrum and its relative brightness. Every sensing element that does this functionality is named a pixel. Most of these pixels generate an RGB value, which is nothing but the intensity of red, green, and blue color. Why RGB, you might think? These are primary colors, and mixing these colors up in the right quantities results in making...