Basics of networking
Networking relies on a few basic concepts:
- Encapsulation: Just like a matryoshka doll, network packets behave like a box in a box in a box in a... you get the point. The OSI model describes the seven classics layers of encapsulation that are potentially present in all communications. For example, it is possible to change the physical layer of a packer without impacting the upper layer (that is what happens when you send an ethernet frame over Wi-Fi, for example).
- Routing: Routing allows a packet to reach its destination without the sender knowing exactly how to get to it or the destination knowing exactly how to send the response to the sender. This boils down, in a very oversimplified fashion, to each machine knowing how to reach a given number of networks (or groups of networks) and having a machine to give packets to when it doesn't know how to reach the destination network.
- Connection: A connection is a logical link that's established...