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Modern Python Cookbook

You're reading from   Modern Python Cookbook 130+ updated recipes for modern Python 3.12 with new techniques and tools

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Product type Paperback
Published in Jul 2024
Publisher Packt
ISBN-13 9781835466384
Length 818 pages
Edition 3rd Edition
Languages
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Author (1):
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Steven F. Lott Steven F. Lott
Author Profile Icon Steven F. Lott
Steven F. Lott
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Toc

Table of Contents (20) Chapters Close

Preface 1. Chapter 1 Numbers, Strings, and Tuples FREE CHAPTER 2. Chapter 2 Statements and Syntax 3. Chapter 3 Function Definitions 4. Chapter 4 Built-In Data Structures Part 1: Lists and Sets 5. Chapter 5 Built-In Data Structures Part 2: Dictionaries 6. Chapter 6 User Inputs and Outputs 7. Chapter 7 Basics of Classes and Objects 8. Chapter 8 More Advanced Class Design 9. Chapter 9 Functional Programming Features 10. Chapter 10 Working with Type Matching and Annotations 11. Chapter 11 Input/Output, Physical Format, and Logical Layout 12. Chapter 12 Graphics and Visualization with Jupyter Lab 13. Chapter 13 Application Integration: Configuration 14. Chapter 14 Application Integration: Combination 15. Chapter 15 Testing 16. Chapter 16 Dependencies and Virtual Environments 17. Chapter 17 Documentation and Style 18. Other Books You May Enjoy
19. Index

15.3 Handling common doctest issues

A docstring that contains an example is part of good Python programming. The way the doctest tool uses literal matching of the expected text output against the actual text can make testing complicated for Python objects that do not have a consistent text representation.

For example, object hash values are randomized. This often results in the order of elements in a set collection being unpredictable. We have several choices for creating test case example output:

  • Write examples that can tolerate randomization. One technique is by sorting the elements of a set into a defined order.

  • Stipulate a specific value for the PYTHONHASHSEED environment variable.

There are several other considerations beyond simple variability in the location of keys or items in a set. Here are some other concerns:

  • The id() and repr() functions may expose an internal object ID. No guarantees can be made...

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