Further reading
Task-based systems have been in use for many years. https://www.gdcvault.com/play/1012321/Task-based-Multithreading-How-to provides a good overview.
Many articles can be found that cover work-stealing queues at https://blog.molecular-matters.com/2015/09/08/job-system-2-0-lock-free-work-stealing-part-2-a-specialized-allocator/ and are a good starting point on the subject.
The PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 use the Cell processor from IBM to provide more performance to developers through multiple cores. In particular, the PlayStation 3 has several synergistic processor units (SPUs) that developers can use to offload work from the main processor.
There are many presentations and articles that detail many clever ways developers have used these processors, for example, https://www.gdcvault.com/play/1331/The-PlayStation-3-s-SPU and https://gdcvault.com/play/1014356/Practical-Occlusion-Culling-on.