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Learning jQuery 3
Learning jQuery 3

Learning jQuery 3: Interactive front-end website development , Fifth Edition

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Profile Icon Jonathan Chaffer Profile Icon Jonathan Chaffer
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Learning jQuery 3

Selecting Elements

The jQuery library harnesses the power of Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) selectors to let us quickly and easily access elements or groups of elements in the Document Object Model (DOM).

In this chapter, we will cover:

  • The structure of the elements on a web page
  • How to use CSS selectors to find elements on the page
  • What happens when the specificity of a CSS selector changes
  • Custom jQuery extensions to the standard set of CSS selectors
  • The DOM traversal methods, which provide greater flexibility for accessing elements on the page
  • Using modern JavaScript language features to iterate over jQuery objects efficiently

Understanding the DOM

One of the most powerful aspects of jQuery is its ability to make selecting elements in the DOM easy. The DOM serves as the interface between JavaScript and a web page; it provides a representation of the source HTML as a network of objects rather than as plain text.

This network takes the form of a family tree of elements on the page. When we refer to the relationships that elements have with one another, we use the same terminology that we use when referring to family relationships: parents, children, siblings, and so on. A simple example can help us understand how the family tree metaphor applies to a document:

<html> 
<head>
<title>the title</title>
</head>
<body>
<div>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
<p>This is another paragraph.</p>
<p>This is yet another paragraph.</p>
</div...

Using the $() function

The resulting set of elements from jQuery's selectors and methods is always represented by a jQuery object. These objects are very easy to work with when we want to actually do something with the things that we find on a page. We can easily bind events to these objects and add visual effects to them, as well as chain multiple modifications or effects together.

Note that jQuery objects are different from regular DOM elements or node lists, and as such do not necessarily provide the same methods and properties for some tasks. In the final part of this chapter, we will look at ways to directly access the DOM elements that are collected within a jQuery object.

In order to create a new jQuery object, we use the $() function. This function typically accepts a CSS selector as its sole parameter and serves as a factory, returning a new jQuery object pointing to the corresponding elements...

CSS selectors

The jQuery library supports nearly all the selectors included in CSS specifications 1 through 3, as outlined on the World Wide Web Consortium's site: http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/specs. This support allows developers to enhance their websites without worrying about which browsers might not understand more advanced selectors, as long as the browsers have JavaScript enabled.

Progressive Enhancement
Responsible jQuery developers should always apply the concepts of progressive enhancement and graceful degradation to their code, ensuring that a page will render as accurately, even if not as beautifully, with JavaScript disabled as it does with JavaScript turned on. We will continue to explore these concepts throughout the book. More information on progressive enhancement can be found at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_enhancement. Having said this, it's not very often that you'll encounter...

Selector specificity

Selectors in jQuery have a spectrum of specificity, from very general selectors, to very targeted selectors. The goal is to select the correct elements, otherwise your selector is broken. The tendency for jQuery beginners is to implement very specific selectors for everything. Perhaps through trial and error, they've fixed selector bugs by adding more specificity to a given selector. However, this isn't always the best solution.

Let's look at an example that increases the size of the first letter for top-level <li> text. Here's the style we want to apply:

.big-letter::first-letter {
font-size: 1.4em;
}

And here's what the list item text looks like:

As you see, Comedies, Tragedies, and Histories have the big-letter style applied to them as expected. In order to do this, we need a selector that's more specific than just $('#selected-plays...

Understanding the DOM


One of the most powerful aspects of jQuery is its ability to make selecting elements in the DOM easy. The DOM serves as the interface between JavaScript and a web page; it provides a representation of the source HTML as a network of objects rather than as plain text.

This network takes the form of a family tree of elements on the page. When we refer to the relationships that elements have with one another, we use the same terminology that we use when referring to family relationships: parents, children, siblings, and so on. A simple example can help us understand how the family tree metaphor applies to a document:

<html> 
  <head> 
    <title>the title</title> 
  </head> 
  <body> 
    <div> 
      <p>This is a paragraph.</p> 
      <p>This is another paragraph.</p> 
      <p>This is yet another paragraph.</p> 
    </div> 
  </body> 
</html> 

Here, <html> is the ancestor...

Using the $() function


The resulting set of elements from jQuery's selectors and methods is always represented by a jQuery object. These objects are very easy to work with when we want to actually do something with the things that we find on a page. We can easily bind events to these objects and add visual effects to them, as well as chain multiple modifications or effects together.

Note

Note that jQuery objects are different from regular DOM elements or node lists, and as such do not necessarily provide the same methods and properties for some tasks. In the final part of this chapter, we will look at ways to directly access the DOM elements that are collected within a jQuery object.

In order to create a new jQuery object, we use the $() function. This function typically accepts a CSS selector as its sole parameter and serves as a factory, returning a new jQuery object pointing to the corresponding elements on the page. Just about anything that can be used in a stylesheet can also be passed...

CSS selectors


The jQuery library supports nearly all the selectors included in CSS specifications 1 through 3, as outlined on the World Wide Web Consortium's site: http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/specs. This support allows developers to enhance their websites without worrying about which browsers might not understand more advanced selectors, as long as the browsers have JavaScript enabled.

Note

Progressive EnhancementResponsible jQuery developers should always apply the concepts of progressive enhancement and graceful degradation to their code, ensuring that a page will render as accurately, even if not as beautifully, with JavaScript disabled as it does with JavaScript turned on. We will continue to explore these concepts throughout the book. More information on progressive enhancement can be found at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_enhancement. Having said this, it's not very often that you'll encounter users with JavaScript disabled these days--even on mobile browsers.

To begin learning...

Selector specificity


Selectors in jQuery have a spectrum of specificity, from very general selectors, to very targeted selectors. The goal is to select the correct elements, otherwise your selector is broken. The tendency for jQuery beginners is to implement very specific selectors for everything. Perhaps through trial and error, they've fixed selector bugs by adding more specificity to a given selector. However, this isn't always the best solution.

Let's look at an example that increases the size of the first letter for top-level <li> text. Here's the style we want to apply:

.big-letter::first-letter {
   font-size: 1.4em;
 }

And here's what the list item text looks like:

As you see, Comedies, Tragedies, and Histories have the big-letter style applied to them as expected. In order to do this, we need a selector that's more specific than just $('#selected-plays li'), which would apply the style to every <li>, even the sub-elements. We can use change the specificity of the jQuery...

Attribute selectors


Attribute selectors are a particularly helpful subset of CSS selectors. They allow us to specify an element by one of its HTML attributes, such as a link's title attribute or an image's alt attribute. For example, to select all images that have an alt attribute, we write the following:

$('img[alt]') 

Styling links

Attribute selectors accept a wildcard syntax inspired by regular expressions for identifying the value at the beginning (^) or end ($) of a string. They can also take an asterisk (*) to indicate the value at an arbitrary position within a string or an exclamation mark (!) to indicate a negated value.

Let's say we want to have different styles for different types of links. We first define the styles in our stylesheet:

a { 
  color: #00c;  
} 
a.mailto { 
  background: url(images/email.png) no-repeat right top; 
  padding-right: 18px; 
} 
a.pdflink { 
  background: url(images/pdf.png) no-repeat right top; 
  padding-right: 18px; 
} 
a.henrylink { 
  background-color...

Custom selectors


To the wide variety of CSS selectors, jQuery adds its own custom selectors. These custom selectors enhance the capabilities of CSS selectors to locate page elements in new ways.

Note

Performance noteWhen possible, jQuery uses the native DOM selector engine of the browser to find elements. This extremely fast approach is not possible when custom jQuery selectors are used. For this reason, it is recommended to avoid frequent use of custom selectors when a native option is available.

Most of the custom selectors allow us to choose one or more elements from a collection of elements that we have already found. The custom selector syntax is the same as the CSS pseudo-class syntax, where the selector starts with a colon (:). For example, to select the second item from a set of <div> elements with a class of horizontal, we write this:

$('div.horizontal:eq(1)') 

Note that :eq(1) selects the second item in the set because JavaScript array numbering is zero-based, meaning that it...

DOM traversal methods


The jQuery selectors that we have explored so far allow us to select a set of elements as we navigate across and down the DOM tree and filter the results. If this were the only way to select elements, our options would be somewhat limited. There are many occasions when selecting a parent or ancestor element is essential; that is where jQuery's DOM traversal methods come into play. With these methods, we can go up, down, and all around the DOM tree with ease.

Some of the methods have a nearly identical counterpart among the selector expressions. For example, the line we first used to add the alt class, $('tr:even').addClass('alt'), could be rewritten with the .filter() method as follows:

$('tr')
  .filter(':even')
  .addClass('alt'); 

For the most part, however, the two ways of selecting elements complement each other. Also, the .filter() method in particular has enormous power because it can take a function as its argument. The function allows us to create complex tests...

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Key benefits

  • - Create a fully featured and responsive client-side application using jQuery
  • - Explore all the latest features of jQuery 3.0 and code examples updated to reflect modern JavaScript environments
  • - Develop high performance interactive pages

Description

If you are a web developer and want to create web applications that look good, are efficient, have rich user interfaces, and integrate seamlessly with any backend using AJAX, then this book is the ideal match for you. We’ll show you how you can integrate jQuery 3.0 into your web pages, avoid complex JavaScript code, create brilliant animation effects for your web applications, and create a flawless app. We start by configuring and customising the jQuery environment, and getting hands-on with DOM manipulation. Next, we’ll explore event handling advanced animations, creating optimised user interfaces, and building useful third-party plugins. Also, we'll learn how to integrate jQuery with your favourite back-end framework. Moving on, we’ll learn how the ECMAScript 6 features affect your web development process with jQuery. we’ll discover how to use the newly introduced JavaScript promises and the new animation API in jQuery 3.0 in great detail, along with sample code and examples. By the end of the book, you will be able to successfully create a fully featured and efficient single page web application and leverage all the new features of jQuery 3.0 effectively.

Who is this book for?

This book is ideal for client-side JavaScript developers. You do need to have any previous experience with jQuery, although basic JavaScript programming knowledge is necessary.

What you will learn

  • -Create custom interactive elements for your web designs
  • -Find out how to create the best user interface for your web applications
  • -Use selectors in a variety of ways to get anything you want from a page when you need it
  • -Master events to bring your web pages to life
  • -Add flair to your actions with a variety of different animation effects
  • -Discover the latest features available in jQuery with the latest update of this incredibly popular title
  • -Using jQuery npm Packages
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Length: 448 pages
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Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781785882982
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Table of Contents

14 Chapters
Getting Started Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Selecting Elements Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Handling Events Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Styling and Animating Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Manipulating the DOM Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Sending Data with Ajax Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Using Plugins Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Developing Plugins Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Advanced Selectors and Traversing Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Advanced Events Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Advanced Effects Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Advanced DOM Manipulation Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Advanced Ajax Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Appnedix A – Testing JavaScript with QUnit Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

Rating distribution
Full star icon Full star icon Half star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 2.7
(3 Ratings)
5 star 0%
4 star 33.3%
3 star 33.3%
2 star 0%
1 star 33.3%
Cliente de Amazon Aug 15, 2017
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon 4
Great tutorial ,perfect for begginers, updated to jquery 3.0
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Braain kumar Oct 05, 2017
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 3
Good for moderate learners not for too advance
Amazon Verified review Amazon
RSG Jul 22, 2021
Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 1
What I can't understand is how this book has reached the lofty level of "Fifth Edition" considering that it reads like the result of late-night Googling. The code snippets introduce variables and structures that are not even mentioned in the text. Very poor writing and editing!
Amazon Verified review Amazon
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