Challenges
In this section, we will discuss some of the common challenges associated with deepfake architectures, beginning with a brief discussion on the ethical issues associated with this technology.
Ethical issues
Even though generating fake content is not a new concept, the word "deepfake" came into the limelight in 2017 when a Reddit user by the name u/deepfakes posted fake pornographic videos with celebrity faces superimposed on them using deep learning. The quality of the content and the ease with which the user was able to generate them created huge uproar on news channels across the globe. Soon, u/deepfakes released an easy-to-setup application called FakeApp that enabled users to generate such content with very little knowledge of how deep learning works. This led to a number of fake videos and objectionable content. This, in turn, helped people gain traction on issues associated with identity theft, impersonation, fake news, and so on.
Soon, interest...