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Mastering Software Testing with JUnit 5
Mastering Software Testing with JUnit 5

Mastering Software Testing with JUnit 5: Comprehensive guide to develop high quality Java applications

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Mastering Software Testing with JUnit 5

What’s New In JUnit 5

Those who can imagine anything, can create the impossible.
- Alan Turing

JUnit is the most important testing framework for the JVM and one of the most influential in software engineering in general. JUnit 5 is the next generation of JUnit, and its first General Availability (GA) version (5.0.0) was released on September 10, 2017. As we will discover, JUnit 5 supposes a small revolution with respect to JUnit 4, providing a completely new architecture, programming, and extension model. This chapter covers the following content:

  • Road to JUnit 5: In the first section, we will discover the motivation to create a new major version of JUnit (that is, the limitations of JUnit 4), the design principles guiding the development of JUnit 5, and finally the details of the JUnit 5 open source community.
  • JUnit 5 architecture: JUnit 5 is a modular framework...

Road to JUnit 5

Software testing has changed a lot since the first release of JUnit 4 in 2006. Since then, not only have Java and the JVM has evolved, but also our testing needs matured. We are not writing just unit tests anymore. Instead, in addition to verifying a single piece of code, software engineers and testers demand other kinds of tests, such as integration and end-to-end tests.

In addition, our expectations about testing frameworks have grown. Nowadays, we demand advanced capabilities for these frameworks, such as extensibility or modularity, to name a few. In this section, we discover the main limitations of JUnit 4, the vision of JUnit 5, and the community supporting its development.

JUnit 5 motivation

According...

JUnit 5 architecture

The JUnit 5 framework has been designed to be consumed by different programmatic clients. The first group of clients are Java tests. These tests can be based on JUnit 4 (tests which use the test legacy programming model), JUnit 5 (tests which use the brand new programming model), and even other kinds of Java tests (third party). The second group of clients are build tools (such as Maven or Gradle) and IDEs (such as IntelliJ or Eclipse).

In order to achieve the integration of all these pieces in a loosely coupled manner, JUnit 5 was designed to be modular. As depicted in the following picture, the JUnit 5 framework is composed of three major components, called Platform, Jupiter, and Vintage:

JUnit 5 Architecture: high-level component

The high-level components of the JUnit 5 architecture are enumerated as follows:

  • The first high-level component is called...

Running tests in JUnit 5

At the time of writing, Jupiter tests can be executed in several ways:

  • Using a build tool: Maven (implemented in the module junit-plaform-surefire-provider) or Gradle (implemented in the module junit-platform-gradle-plugin).
  • Using the Console Launcher: A command-line Java application that allows to launch the JUnit Platform from the console.
  • Using an IDE: IntelliJ (since version 2016.2) and Eclipse (since version 4.7, Oxygen).

As we are going to discover, and due to the modular architecture of JUnit 5, we need to include three dependencies in our projects: one for the Test API (to implement tests), an other for the Test Engine (to run tests), and the last one of the Test Launcher (to discover tests).

Jupiter tests with Maven

...

The extension model of JUnit 5

As introduced before, Jupiter is the name given to the new programming model of JUnit 5, described in detail in chapter 3JUnit 5 standard tests and chapter 4, Simplifying testing with advanced JUnit features, together with the extension model. The extension model allows to extend the Jupiter programming model with custom additions. Thanks to this, third-party frameworks (such as Spring or Mockito, to name a few) can achieve interoperability with JUnit 5 in a seamless way. The extensions provided by these frameworks will be studied in chapter 5Integration of JUnit 5 with external frameworks. In the current section, we analyze the general performance of the extension model and also the extensions provided out of the box in JUnit 5.

In contrast to former extension points in JUnit 4 (that is, test runners and rules...

Summary

This chapter provides an overview of the JUnit 5 testing framework. Due to the limitations of JUnit 4 (monolithic architecture, impossibility of compose test runners, and limitations of test rules), a new major version of the framework was needed. In order to carry out the implementations, the JUnit Lambda project started a crowdfunding campaign in 2015. As a result, the JUnit 5 development team was born, and the GA release of the framework was released on September 10, 2017.

JUnit 5 was designed to be modern (that is, using Java 8 and Java 9 compliant from the very beginning) and modular. The three major components within JUnit 5 are: Jupiter (new programming an extension model), Platform (foundation for any testing framework executed in the JVM), and Vintage (integration with legacy JUnit 3 and 4 tests). At the time of this writing, JUnit 5 tests can be executed...

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Key benefits

  • In-depth coverage of Jupiter, the new programming and extension model provided by JUnit 5
  • Integration of JUnit 5 with other frameworks such as Mockito, Spring, Selenium, Cucumber, and Docker
  • Best practices for writing meaningful Jupiter test cases

Description

When building an application it is of utmost importance to have clean code, a productive environment and efficient systems in place. Having automated unit testing in place helps developers to achieve these goals. The JUnit testing framework is a popular choice among Java developers and has recently released a major version update with JUnit 5. This book shows you how to make use of the power of JUnit 5 to write better software. The book begins with an introduction to software quality and software testing. After that, you will see an in-depth analysis of all the features of Jupiter, the new programming and extension model provided by JUnit 5. You will learn how to integrate JUnit 5 with other frameworks such as Mockito, Spring, Selenium, Cucumber, and Docker. After the technical features of JUnit 5, the final part of this book will train you for the daily work of a software tester. You will learn best practices for writing meaningful tests. Finally, you will learn how software testing fits into the overall software development process, and sits alongside continuous integration, defect tracking, and test reporting.

Who is this book for?

This book is for Java software engineers and testers. If you are a Java developer who is keen on improving the quality of your code and building world class applications then this book is for you. Prior experience of the concepts of automated testing will be helpful.

What you will learn

  • The importance of software testing and its impact on software quality
  • The options available for testing Java applications
  • The architecture, features and extension model of JUnit 5
  • Writing test cases using the Jupiter programming model
  • How to use the latest and advanced features of JUnit 5
  • Integrating JUnit 5 with existing third-party frameworks
  • Best practices for writing meaningful JUnit 5 test cases
  • Managing software testing activities in a living software project
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Table of Contents

7 Chapters
Retrospective On Software Quality And Java Testing Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
What’s New In JUnit 5 Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
JUnit 5 Standard Tests Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Simplifying Testing With Advanced JUnit Features Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Integration Of JUnit 5 With External Frameworks Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
From Requirements To Test Cases Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Testing Management Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

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RSB May 14, 2018
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Covers all sections of Juniy
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Martin Bischof Nov 21, 2019
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This book gives a very nice introduction to Junit5 and testing in general.
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Sherwin John C. Tragura Mar 12, 2020
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A GREAT BOOK!
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Jose M. Nov 20, 2017
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A great, comprehensive guide to JUnit5 for software developers. It also touches on all the software testing matters, so it is also useful as introductory material for a starter in the topic.
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Cliente Amazon Nov 25, 2017
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Really interesting, helped us a lot!
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