Introducing image processing

From the point of view of the computer, an image is a large rectangular array of pixel values. We wish to either process this image to generate a new or better image (perhaps with less noise, or with a different look). This is typically the area of image processing. We may also want to go from this array to a decision that is relevant to our application, which is better known as computer vision. Not everybody agrees with this distinction of the two fields, but its description is almost exactly how the terms are typically used.

The first step will be to load the image from the disk, where it is typically stored in an image-specific format such as PNG or JPEG, the former being a lossless compression format and the latter a lossy compression one that is optimized for subjective appreciation of photographs. Then, we may wish to perform preprocessing on the images (for example, normalizing them for illumination variations).

We will have a classification problem as a...