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Home > Web Development > Front End Web Development > Architecting Angular Applications with Redux, RxJS, and NgRx
Architecting Angular Applications with Redux, RxJS, and NgRx
Architecting Angular Applications with Redux, RxJS, and NgRx

Architecting Angular Applications with Redux, RxJS, and NgRx: Learn to build Redux style high-performing applications with Angular 6

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Architecting Angular Applications with Redux, RxJS, and NgRx

1.21 Gigawatt – Flux Pattern Explained

Let's first off explain our title. What do we mean by 1.21 Gigawatt? I'm going to quote the character Doc Brown from the movie Back to the Future (http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000502/?ref_=tt_trv_qu):

"Marty, I'm sorry, but the only power source capable of generating 1.21 gigawatts of electricity is a bolt of lightning."

Why are we talking about the movie Back to the Future? This is where the name Flux comes from. It's time for another quote from the same movie:

"Yes! Of course! November 5, 1955! That was the day I invented time-travel. I remember it vividly. I was standing on the edge of my toilet hanging a clock, the porcelain was wet, I slipped, hit my head on the sink, and when I came to I had a revelation! A vision! A picture in my head! A picture of this! This is what makes time travel possible...

Core concepts overview

At the core of the Flux pattern is a unidirectional data flow. It uses some core concepts to achieve this flow. The main idea is when an event is created on a UI, through the interaction of a user, an action is created. This action consists of an intent and a payload. The intent is what your are trying to achieve. Think of the intent as a verb. Add an item, remove an item, and so on. The payload is the data change that needs to happen to achieve our intent. If we are trying to add an item, then the payload is the newly created item. The action is then propagated in the flow with the help of a dispatcher. The action and its data eventually end up in a store.

The concepts that make up the Flux pattern are:

  • Action and action creators, where we set up an intention and a payload of data
  • The dispatcher, our spider in the web that is able to send messages left...

A uniform data flow

Let's introduce all parties involved in our uniform data flow by starting from the very top and slowly work our way down, concept by concept. We will build an application consisting of two views. In the first view, the user will select an item from a list. This should result in an action being created. This action will then be dispatched, by the dispatcher. The action and its payload will end up in a store. The other view meanwhile listens to changes from the store. When an item is selected, the second view will be made aware and can therefore indicate in its UI that a specific item has been selected. On a high level, our application and its flow will look like the following:

Action – capture the intent

...

Demoing a uniform data flow

Ok, so we have described the parts our application consists of:

  • A view where a user is able to select an index
  • A dispatcher that allows us to send a message
  • A store that contains our selected index
  • A second view where the selected index is read from the store

Let's build a real app from all of this. The following code is found in the code repository under Chapter2/demo.

Creating a selection view

First off we need our view in which we will perform the selection:

// demo/selectionView.js

import dispatcher from "./dispatcher";

console.log('selection view loaded');

class SelectionView {
  selectIndex(index) {
    console.log('selected index ', index);
    dispatcher.dispatch...

Adding more actions to our flow

Let's do a reality check here. We haven't built the Flux flow as prettily as we could make it. The overall picture is correct but it'd be nice if we can clean it up a bit to make room for more actions so we get a real sense of how the application should grow from here.

Cleaning up the view

The first order of business is to have a look at our first view and how it reacts to user interactions. It looks like this currently:

// first.view.js

import dispatcher from "./dispatcher";

class FirstView {
  selectIndex(index) {
    dispatcher.dispatch({
      type: "SELECT_INDEX",
      data: index
    });
  }
}

let view = new FirstView();

Adding a few more actions into the mix...

Adding AJAX calls

So far, we have only been dealing with static data in our Flux flow. The time has now come to add real data connections to the flow and thereby real data. It is time to start talking to APIs through AJAX and HTTP. Fetching data is quite easy nowadays, thanks to the fetch API and libraries such as RxJS. What you need to think about when incorporating it in the flow is:

  • Where to place the HTTP call
  • How to ensure that the store is updated and interested views are notified

We have a point at which we register the store to the dispatcher, with this piece of code:

// excerpt from store-actions-immutable.js

const createProduct = (product) => {
  if (!store["products"]) {
    store["products"] = [];
  }

  store.products = [...store.products, Object.assign(product)];
}

dispatcher.register(({ type, data }) => {
  switch (type) {
    case CREATE_PRODUCT...

An even bigger solution

So far, we have been describing a solution that consists of only a product's topic and communication has only taken place from one view to another. In a more realistic application, we would have a lot of topics such as user management, orders, and so on; exactly what they are called is dependent on the domain of your application. As for views, it is quite possible that you will have a ton of views listening to another view, as in this example:

This describes an application that contains four different view components around their own topic. The Customers view contains a list of customers and it allows us to alter which customer we currently want to focus on. The other three supporting views show Orders, Messages, and Friends and their content depends on which customer is currently highlighted. From a Flux standpoint, the Orders, Messages, and Friends...

Summary

We set out trying only to explain the Flux architecture pattern. It would have been very easy to start mentioning how it fits with React and how there are nice libraries and tools that support Flux and React. That would, however, have taken our focus away from explaining the pattern from a more framework-agnostic viewpoint. Therefore, the rest of this chapter set out to explain core concepts such as actions, action creator, dispatcher, store, and uniform data flow. Little by little, we improved the code to start using constants, action creators, and a nice supporting library such as EventEmitter. We explained how HTTP fits into this and, lastly, we discussed how we could build out our application. There is a lot more that can be said about Flux, but we chose to limit the scope to understanding the fundamentals so we can compare its approach as we dive into Redux and NgRx...

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Key benefits

  • - Learn what makes an excellent Angular application architecture
  • - Use Redux to write performant, consistent Angular applications
  • - Incorporate Reactive Programming principles and RxJS to make it easier to develop, test, and debug your Angular applications

Description

Managing the state of large-scale web applications is a highly challenging task with the need to align different components, backends, and web workers harmoniously. When it comes to Angular, you can use NgRx, which combines the simplicity of Redux with the reactive programming power of RxJS to build your application architecture, making your code elegant and easy to reason about, debug, and test. In this book, we start by looking at the different ways of architecting Angular applications and some of the patterns that are involved in it. This will be followed by a discussion on one-way data flow, the Flux pattern, and the origin of Redux. The book introduces you to declarative programming or, more precisely, functional programming and talks about its advantages. We then move on to the reactive programming paradigm. Reactive programming is a concept heavily used in Angular and is at the core of NgRx. Later, we look at RxJS, as a library and master it. We thoroughly describe how Redux works and how to implement it from scratch. The two last chapters of the book cover everything NgRx has to offer in terms of core functionality and supporting libraries, including how to build a micro implementation of NgRx. This book will empower you to not only use Redux and NgRx to the fullest, but also feel confident in building your own version, should you need it.

Who is this book for?

If you have been developing Angular applications and want to dive deeper into the Angular architecture with Redux, RxJS, and NgRx to write robust web apps, then this book is for you.

What you will learn

  • • Understand the one-way data flow and Flux pattern
  • • Work with functional programming and asynchronous data streams
  • • Figure out how RxJS can help us address the flaws in promises
  • • Set up different versions of cascading calls
  • • Explore advanced operators
  • • Get familiar with the Redux pattern and its principles
  • • Test and debug different features of your application
  • • Build your own lightweight app using Flux, Redux, and NgRx
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Publication date : Mar 26, 2018
Length: 364 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
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Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781787122406
Category :
Web Development
Languages :
JavaScript
Concepts :
Front End Web Development
Tools :
Angular

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Table of Contents

11 Chapters
Quick Look Back at Data Services for Simple Apps Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Quick Look Back at Data Services for Simple Apps
Model-View-Controller – the pattern we all know
An MVC flow in Angular
Using ES2015 modules
Dependency Injection
Fetching and persisting data with HTTP – introducing services with Observables
Summary
1.21 Gigawatt – Flux Pattern Explained Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
1.21 Gigawatt – Flux Pattern Explained
Core concepts overview
A uniform data flow
Demoing a uniform data flow
Adding more actions to our flow
Adding AJAX calls
An even bigger solution
Summary
Asynchronous Programming Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Asynchronous Programming
The callback pattern
Problems with structuring async code – callback hell
Promises
Asynchronous libraries
Async/await
Summary
Functional Reactive Programming Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Functional Reactive Programming
Functional programming versus imperative programming
Recursion
Asynchronous data streams
Comparing lists to async streams – preparing for RxJS
Summary
RxJS Basics Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
RxJS Basics
Observer pattern
RxJS core concepts
Creating Observables
Cleanup
Creating a core implementation of RxJS
Summary
Manipulating Streams and Their Values Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Manipulating Streams and Their Values
Starting out
Stream in a stream
AJAX
A deeper look
Thinking in streams
Summary
RxJS Advanced Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
RxJS Advanced
Hot, cold, and warm Observables
Subjects
Error handling
Marble testing
Pipeable operators
Summary
Redux Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Redux
Principles
Core concepts
Data flow
Dealing with asynchronous calls
Best practices
Summary
NgRx – Reduxing that Angular App Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
NgRx – Reduxing that Angular App
NgRx overview
@ngrx/store – state management
Best practices
Leveraging types and feature modules
Component architecture
@ngrx/store-devtools – debugging
@ngrx/effects – working with side effects
Summary
NgRx – In Depth Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
NgRx – In Depth
@ngrx/entity
@ngrx/router-store
Understanding NgRx – building our own micro implementation
@ngrx/schematics
Summary
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Juan C. Aug 08, 2018
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
This book is not for the newbies, however I have been learning Angular for a couple of months and now I feel quite comfortable reading the book. It has a few errors which are small. Better than the overpriced course by Todd Motto. You may combine this book with the Angular course by Brad Traversy and the Angular 5 free e-book by Asim Hussain and you are ready to learn lots of Angular.
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Chetan Munegowda May 27, 2018
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I would definitely recommend this book if you are a Angular developer!!
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Paulo Diaz May 05, 2019
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The book has an excellent approach about the angular and the framework with good explain and samples.
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Oscar Lagatta Apr 09, 2018
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Excellent must read for Angular Developers.
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Danny Yu Oct 21, 2018
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I was initially confused by the way the author structured the chapters. Many pages spent on the inner-workings of the redux store. It becomes clear around chapter 7/8, when the subject of producers comes up again. If you've written an angular app + done some reading on ngrx/redux before, then the first 8 chapters will just be a lengthy review. The final 3 chapters helped put everything together and also covered best-practices. Well written & easy to read.
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You can cancel any order within 1 hour of placing the order. Simply contact customercare@packt.com with your order details or payment transaction id. If your order has already started the shipment process, we will do our best to stop it. However, if it is already on the way to you then when you receive it, you can contact us at customercare@packt.com using the returns and refund process.

Please understand that Packt Publishing cannot provide refunds or cancel any order except for the cases described in our Return Policy (i.e. Packt Publishing agrees to replace your printed book because it arrives damaged or material defect in book), Packt Publishing will not accept returns.

What is your returns and refunds policy? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Return Policy:

We want you to be happy with your purchase from Packtpub.com. We will not hassle you with returning print books to us. If the print book you receive from us is incorrect, damaged, doesn't work or is unacceptably late, please contact Customer Relations Team on customercare@packt.com with the order number and issue details as explained below:

  1. If you ordered (eBook, Video or Print Book) incorrectly or accidentally, please contact Customer Relations Team on customercare@packt.com within one hour of placing the order and we will replace/refund you the item cost.
  2. Sadly, if your eBook or Video file is faulty or a fault occurs during the eBook or Video being made available to you, i.e. during download then you should contact Customer Relations Team within 14 days of purchase on customercare@packt.com who will be able to resolve this issue for you.
  3. You will have a choice of replacement or refund of the problem items.(damaged, defective or incorrect)
  4. Once Customer Care Team confirms that you will be refunded, you should receive the refund within 10 to 12 working days.
  5. If you are only requesting a refund of one book from a multiple order, then we will refund you the appropriate single item.
  6. Where the items were shipped under a free shipping offer, there will be no shipping costs to refund.

On the off chance your printed book arrives damaged, with book material defect, contact our Customer Relation Team on customercare@packt.com within 14 days of receipt of the book with appropriate evidence of damage and we will work with you to secure a replacement copy, if necessary. Please note that each printed book you order from us is individually made by Packt's professional book-printing partner which is on a print-on-demand basis.

What tax is charged? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Currently, no tax is charged on the purchase of any print book (subject to change based on the laws and regulations). A localized VAT fee is charged only to our European and UK customers on eBooks, Video and subscriptions that they buy. GST is charged to Indian customers for eBooks and video purchases.

What payment methods can I use? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

You can pay with the following card types:

  1. Visa Debit
  2. Visa Credit
  3. MasterCard
  4. PayPal
What is the delivery time and cost of print books? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Shipping Details

USA:

'

Economy: Delivery to most addresses in the US within 10-15 business days

Premium: Trackable Delivery to most addresses in the US within 3-8 business days

UK:

Economy: Delivery to most addresses in the U.K. within 7-9 business days.
Shipments are not trackable

Premium: Trackable delivery to most addresses in the U.K. within 3-4 business days!
Add one extra business day for deliveries to Northern Ireland and Scottish Highlands and islands

EU:

Premium: Trackable delivery to most EU destinations within 4-9 business days.

Australia:

Economy: Can deliver to P. O. Boxes and private residences.
Trackable service with delivery to addresses in Australia only.
Delivery time ranges from 7-9 business days for VIC and 8-10 business days for Interstate metro
Delivery time is up to 15 business days for remote areas of WA, NT & QLD.

Premium: Delivery to addresses in Australia only
Trackable delivery to most P. O. Boxes and private residences in Australia within 4-5 days based on the distance to a destination following dispatch.

India:

Premium: Delivery to most Indian addresses within 5-6 business days

Rest of the World:

Premium: Countries in the American continent: Trackable delivery to most countries within 4-7 business days

Asia:

Premium: Delivery to most Asian addresses within 5-9 business days

Disclaimer:
All orders received before 5 PM U.K time would start printing from the next business day. So the estimated delivery times start from the next day as well. Orders received after 5 PM U.K time (in our internal systems) on a business day or anytime on the weekend will begin printing the second to next business day. For example, an order placed at 11 AM today will begin printing tomorrow, whereas an order placed at 9 PM tonight will begin printing the day after tomorrow.


Unfortunately, due to several restrictions, we are unable to ship to the following countries:

  1. Afghanistan
  2. American Samoa
  3. Belarus
  4. Brunei Darussalam
  5. Central African Republic
  6. The Democratic Republic of Congo
  7. Eritrea
  8. Guinea-bissau
  9. Iran
  10. Lebanon
  11. Libiya Arab Jamahriya
  12. Somalia
  13. Sudan
  14. Russian Federation
  15. Syrian Arab Republic
  16. Ukraine
  17. Venezuela