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Mastering Rust
Mastering Rust

Mastering Rust: Learn about memory safety, type system, concurrency, and the new features of Rust 2018 edition , Second Edition

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Profile Icon Sharma Profile Icon Vesa Kaihlavirta
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Full star icon Full star icon Half star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 2.6 (5 Ratings)
Paperback Jan 2019 554 pages 2nd Edition
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Profile Icon Sharma Profile Icon Vesa Kaihlavirta
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Mastering Rust

Managing Projects with Cargo

Now that we are familiar with the language and how to write basic programs, we'll level up towards writing practical projects in Rust. For trivial programs that can be contained in a single file, compiling and building them manually is no big deal. In the real world, however, programs are split into multiple files for managing complexity and also have dependencies on other libraries. Compiling all of the source files manually and linking them together becomes a complicated process. For large-scale projects, the manual way is not a scalable solution as there could be hundreds of files and their dependencies. Fortunately, there are tools that automate building of large-scale software projects—package managers. This chapter explores how Rust manages large projects with its dedicated package manager and what features it provides to the developer...

Package managers

"The key to efficient development is to make interesting new mistakes."

Tom Love

A real-world software code base is often organized into multiple files and will have many dependencies, and that calls for a dedicated tool for managing them. Package managers are a class of command-line tools that help manage projects of a large size with multiple dependencies. If you come from a Node.js background, you must be familiar with npm/yarn or if you are from Go language, the go tool. They do all the heavy lifting of analyzing the project, downloading the correct versions of dependencies, checking for version conflicts, compiling and linking source files, and much more.

The problem with low-level...

Modules

Before we explore more about Cargo, we need to be familiar with how Rust organizes our code. We had a brief glimpse at modules in the previous chapter. Here, we will cover them in detail. Every Rust program starts with a root module. If you are creating a library, your root module is the lib.rs file. If you are creating an executable, the root module is any file with a main function, usually main.rs. When your code gets large, Rust lets you split it into modules. To provide flexibility in organizing a project, there are multiple ways to create modules.

Nested modules

The simplest way to create a module is by using the mod {} block within an existing module. Consider the following code:

// mod_within.rs

mod food {
...

Cargo and crates

When projects get large, a usual practice is to refactor code into smaller, more manageable units as modules or libraries. You also need tools to render documentation for your project, how it should be built, and what libraries it depends on. Furthermore, to support the language ecosystem where developers can share their libraries with the community, an online registry of some sort is often the norm these days.

Cargo is the tool that empowers you to do all these things, and https://crates.io is the centralized place for hosting libraries. A library written in Rust is called a crate, and crates.io hosts them for developers to use. Usually, a crate can come from three sources: a local directory, an online Git repository like GitHub, or a hosted crate registry like crates.io. Cargo supports crates from all of these sources.

Let's see Cargo in action. If you...

Extending Cargo and tools

Cargo can also be extended to incorporate external tools for enhancing the development experience. It is designed to be as extensible as possible. Developers can create command-line tools and Cargo can invoke them via simple cargo binary-name syntax. In this section, we'll take a look at some of these tools.

Subcommands and Cargo installation

Custom commands for Cargo fall under the subcommand category. These tools are usually binaries from crates.io, GitHub, or a local project directory, and can be installed by using cargo install <binary crate name> or just cargo install when within a local Cargo project. One such example is the cargo-watch tool.

...

Setting up a Rust development environment

Rust has decent support for most code editors out there, whether it be vim, Emacs, intellij IDE, Sublime, Atom, or Visual Studio Code. Cargo is also well supported by these editors, and the ecosystem has several tools that enhance the experience, such as the following:

  • rustfmt: It formats code according to conventions that are mentioned in the Rust style guide.
  • clippy: This warns you of common mistakes and potential code smells. Clippy relies on compiler plugins that are marked as unstable, so it is available with nightly Rust only. With rustup, you can switch to nightly easily.
  • racer: It can do lookups into Rust standard libraries and provides code completion and tool tips.

Among the aforementioned editors, the most mature IDE experience is provided by Intellij IDE and Visual Studio Code (vscode). We will cover setting up the development...

Building a project with Cargo – imgtool

We now have a fairly good understanding of how to manage projects using Cargo. To drive the concepts in, we will build a command-line application that uses a third-party crate. The whole point of this exercise is to become familiar with the usual workflow of building projects by using third-party crates, so we're going to skip over a lot of details about the code we write here. You are encouraged to check out the documentation of the APIs that are used in the code, though.

We'll use a crate called image from crates.io. This crate provides various image manipulation APIs. Our command-line application will be simple; it will take a path to an image file as its argument, rotate it by 90 degrees, and write back to the same file, every time when run.

We'll cd into the imgtool directory, which we created previously. First...

Summary

In this chapter, we got acquainted with the standard Rust build tool, Cargo. We took a cursory look at initializing, building, and running tests using Cargo. We also explored tools beyond Cargo that make developer experience smoother and more efficient, such as RLS and clippy. We saw how these tools can be integrated with the Visual Studio Code editor by installing the RLS extension. Finally, we created a small CLI tool to manipulate images by using a third-party crate from Cargo.

In the next chapter, we will be talking about testing, documenting, and benchmarking our code.

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Key benefits

  • Improve your productivity using the latest version of Rust and write simpler and easier code
  • Understand Rust’s immutability and ownership principle, expressive type system, safe concurrency
  • Deep dive into the new doamins of Rust like WebAssembly, Networking and Command line tools

Description

Rust is an empowering language that provides a rare combination of safety, speed, and zero-cost abstractions. Mastering Rust – Second Edition is filled with clear and simple explanations of the language features along with real-world examples, showing you how you can build robust, scalable, and reliable programs. This second edition of the book improves upon the previous one and touches on all aspects that make Rust a great language. We have included the features from latest Rust 2018 edition such as the new module system, the smarter compiler, helpful error messages, and the stable procedural macros. You’ll learn how Rust can be used for systems programming, network programming, and even on the web. You’ll also learn techniques such as writing memory-safe code, building idiomatic Rust libraries, writing efficient asynchronous networking code, and advanced macros. The book contains a mix of theory and hands-on tasks so you acquire the skills as well as the knowledge, and it also provides exercises to hammer the concepts in. After reading this book, you will be able to implement Rust for your enterprise projects, write better tests and documentation, design for performance, and write idiomatic Rust code.

Who is this book for?

The book is aimed at beginner and intermediate programmers who already have familiarity with any imperative language and have only heard of Rust as a new language. If you are a developer who wants to write robust, efficient and maintainable software systems and want to become proficient with Rust, this book is for you. It starts by giving a whirlwind tour of the important concepts of Rust and covers advanced features of the language in subsequent chapters using code examples that readers will find useful to advance their knowledge.

What you will learn

  • Write generic and type-safe code by using Rust's powerful type system
  • How memory safety works without garbage collection
  • Know the different strategies in error handling and when to use them
  • Learn how to use concurrency primitives such as threads and channels
  • Use advanced macros to reduce boilerplate code
  • Create efficient web applications with the Actix-web framework
  • Use Diesel for type-safe database interactions in your web application
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Length: 554 pages
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Language : English
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Table of Contents

18 Chapters
Getting Started with Rust Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Managing Projects with Cargo Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Tests, Documentation, and Benchmarks Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Types, Generics, and Traits Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Memory Management and Safety Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Error Handling Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Advanced Concepts Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Concurrency Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Metaprogramming with Macros Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Unsafe Rust and Foreign Function Interfaces Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Logging Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Network Programming in Rust Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Building Web Applications with Rust Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Interacting with Databases in Rust Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Rust on the Web with WebAssembly Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Building Desktop Applications with Rust Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Debugging Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Other Books You May Enjoy Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

Rating distribution
Full star icon Full star icon Half star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 2.6
(5 Ratings)
5 star 20%
4 star 0%
3 star 20%
2 star 40%
1 star 20%
H. S. Bassi Dec 14, 2019
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
i like this book i purchased the pakt book from pakt. i now own the physical book to
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Scott Munday Sep 12, 2020
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 3
This book is a deep dive into the important topics of Rust, more helpful than the official documentation; however, there was no apparent QA on the code samples. Some of their code is said to work, but doesn't and has errata. For example, in the talk of ownership/borrowing (a very important topic), they screw up on a fundamental point. They define a tuple struct and then create it as if it is a unit struct.struct Foo(u32);...let foo = Foo;Anyone reading the errors from the compiler will be able to fix the error by this point, but they say that it should work as is which led to confusion and slowed my progression through the book.I give this 3 stars because of errors. Good information on the important topics of Rust makes it a useful book for any inspiring Rustacean; bad code examples make it difficult to read and follow.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Kim Apr 02, 2019
Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 2
I love that this book starts with an overview of rust features and concepts, and then continues on with practical examples such as using different types of databases and other "must have" tasks.I started working through code examples in the book and found some that are misleading or won't even compile. Why would anyone still do this? For example, the very first example of a closure "big_closure" refers to a variable z that does not exist anywhere in the program.A quick mention in the introduction that its good to learn to fix compiler errors does not excuse this. A book for beginners should not be rife with invalid examples using the readers lack of industry an excuse. Give me good examples and leave notes for challenges and exercises instead.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
tdir-tdir Jun 02, 2021
Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 2
I was hoping to use this book as a supplement to the 'real' Rust book ("The Rust Programming Language", Klabnik & Nichols) to get a different perspective on the Rust language. (As many have noted, learning Rust is not a trivial exercise.) After slogging through the first chapter, I have (at least for now) given up on it as a waste of my limited time. The code examples are at best mediocre; they often fail fail to clearly demonstrate the point. Commonly an example will mix 'real' code with 'fake' setup code (as in a very 'you would not really want to do this' way). It is not clear which is which, and the accompanying text often does not make any attempt to clarify. Instead it is up to the reader to figure our what is code worth emulating and what is not. The lack of technical precision (really, a technical book that is weak on the technical?!) is made all the worse by the poor use of language. The book desperately needs an editor. (And a spell checker! I found 'seperate' in Chapter 1! How hard is it to run a spell checker over a text?!) In one paragraph, the main topic item was presented in the singular and then referred to as 'they' after introducing another topic (using a plural). Matching up which pronouns with their antecedents turned into a challenging game - but I did not buy the book for its word puzzles. The result was the mixups, grammatical, and spelling errors served as constant annoyances and too often obscured the technical content, requiring two or three readings of a paragraph to sort things out. Avoid this book. Strongly recommend you start with "The Rust Programming Language" (2018 Edition) Klabnik & Nichols. That plus online resources like Stack Overflow will be all you will need for a quite a while as you learn Rust.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Keith Russell Apr 19, 2021
Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 1
I found the quality of this book to be downright terrible. There are grammar mistakes on almost every page. Text descriptions of the code don't actually match the code listed. There are pages where it is supposed to describe advanced information. The "section" is a single sentence. It looks like the entire section is missing. Considering this is the _Second Edition_ I would have expected grammar and the text to be pretty solid. I was wrong.I was so disappointed I requested a refund. Personally, I think this book should be removed from the store. It's obviously a mistake.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
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