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Learn Java with Projects

You're reading from   Learn Java with Projects A concise practical guide to learning everything a Java professional really needs to know

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Product type Paperback
Published in Nov 2023
Publisher Packt
ISBN-13 9781837637188
Length 598 pages
Edition 1st Edition
Languages
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Authors (2):
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Maaike van Putten Maaike van Putten
Author Profile Icon Maaike van Putten
Maaike van Putten
Dr. Seán Kennedy Dr. Seán Kennedy
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Dr. Seán Kennedy
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Toc

Table of Contents (22) Chapters Close

Preface 1. Part 1: Java Fundamentals
2. Chapter 1: Getting Started with Java FREE CHAPTER 3. Chapter 2: Variables and Primitive Data Types 4. Chapter 3: Operators and Casting 5. Chapter 4: Conditional Statements 6. Chapter 5: Understanding Iteration 7. Chapter 6: Working with Arrays 8. Chapter 7: Methods 9. Part 2: Object-Oriented Programming
10. Chapter 8: Classes, Objects, and Enums 11. Chapter 9: Inheritance and Polymorphism 12. Chapter 10: Interfaces and Abstract Classes 13. Chapter 11: Dealing with Exceptions 14. Chapter 12: Java Core API 15. Part 3: Advanced Topics
16. Chapter 13: Generics and Collections 17. Chapter 14: Lambda Expressions 18. Chapter 15: Streams – Fundamentals 19. Chapter 16: Streams: Advanced Concepts 20. Chapter 17: Concurrency 21. Index

Explaining ‘private’ interface methods

Interfaces can also have private methods with code implementations. They were introduced to reduce code duplication and improve encapsulation. These private methods can be both static and non-static. As they are private, they can only be accessed from within the interface. As with classes, you cannot access a non-static method from a static method.

Let’s have a look at an example in code. Firstly, we will examine code that has code duplication. Figure 10.8 shows such an interface:

Figure 10.8 – An interface with code duplication

Figure 10.8 – An interface with code duplication

As this figure shows, lines 6, 11, and 16 are the same. In addition, lines 8, 13, and 18 are also the same. We will refactor this interface to address this code duplication by using private methods. Figure 10.9 shows the code for this:

Figure 10.9 – An interface with private methods

Figure 10.9 – An interface with private methods

In this figure, we have a private static...

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