Exercises

If you haven't encountered the with statements and context managers before, I encourage you, as usual, to go through your old code, find all the places where you were opening files, and make sure they are safely closed using the with statement. Look for places to write your own context managers as well. Ugly or repetitive try...finally clauses are a good place to start, but you may find them useful any time you need to do before and/or after tasks in context.

You've probably used many of the basic built-in functions before now. We covered several of them, but didn't go into a great deal of detail. Play with enumerate, zip, reversed, any, and all, until you know you'll remember to use them when they are the right tool for the job. The enumerate function is especially important, because not using it results in some pretty ugly while loops.

Also explore some applications that pass functions around as callable objects, as well as using the __call__ method to make your own objects callable...