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Advanced Deep Learning with Python
Advanced Deep Learning with Python

Advanced Deep Learning with Python: Design and implement advanced next-generation AI solutions using TensorFlow and PyTorch

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Advanced Deep Learning with Python

The Nuts and Bolts of Neural Networks

In this chapter, we'll discuss some of the intricacies of neural networks (NNs)the cornerstone of deep learning (DL). We'll talk about their mathematical apparatus, structure, and training. Our main goal is to provide you with a systematic understanding of NNs. Often, we approach them from a computer science perspective—as a machine learning (ML) algorithm (or even a special entity) composed of a number of different steps/components. We gain our intuition by thinking in terms of neurons, layers, and so on (at least I did this when I first learned about this field). This is a perfectly valid way to do things and we can still do impressive things at this level of understanding. Perhaps this is not the correct approach, though.

NNs have solid mathematical foundations and if we approach them from this point of view, we...

The mathematical apparatus of NNs

In the next few sections, we'll discuss the mathematical branches related to NNs. Once we've done this, we'll connect them to NNs themselves.

Linear algebra

Linear algebra deals with linear equations such as and linear transformations (or linear functions) and their representations, such as matrices and vectors.

Linear algebra identifies the following mathematical objects:

  • Scalars: A single number.
  • Vectors: A one-dimensional array of numbers (or components). Each component of the array has an index. In literature, we will see vectors denoted either with a superscript arrow () or in bold (x). The following is an example of a vector:
Throughout this book, we'll mostly...

A short introduction to NNs

A NN is a function (let's denote it with f) that tries to approximate another target function, g. We can describe this relationship with the following equation:

Here, x is the input data and θ are the NN parameters (weights). The goal is to find such θ parameters with the best approximate, g. This generic definition applies for both regression (approximating the exact value of g) and classification (assigning the input to one of multiple possible classes) tasks. Alternatively, the NN function can be denoted as .

We'll start our discussion from the smallest building block of the NNthe neuron.

Neurons

The preceding definition is a bird's-eye view of a NN. Now, let...

Training NNs

In this section, we'll define training a NN as the process of adjusting its parameters (weights) θ in a way that minimizes the cost function J(θ). The cost function is some performance measurement over a training set that consists of multiple samples, represented as vectors. Each vector has an associated label (supervised learning). Most commonly, the cost function measures the difference between the network output and the label.

We'll start this section with a short recap of the gradient descent optimization algorithm. If you're already familiar with it, you can skip this.

Gradient descent

For the purposes of this section, we'll use a NN with a single regression output and mean...

Summary

We started this chapter with a tutorial on the mathematical apparatus that forms the foundation of NNs. Then, we recapped on NNs and their architecture. Along the way, we tried to explicitly connect the mathematical concepts with the various components of the NNs. We paid special attention to the various types of activation functions. Finally, we took a comprehensive look at the NN training process. We discussed gradient descent, cost functions, backpropagation, weights initialization, and SGD optimization techniques.

In the next chapter, we'll discuss the intricacies of convolutional networks and their applications in the computer vision domain.

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Key benefits

  • Get to grips with building faster and more robust deep learning architectures
  • Investigate and train convolutional neural network (CNN) models with GPU-accelerated libraries such as TensorFlow and PyTorch
  • Apply deep neural networks (DNNs) to computer vision problems, NLP, and GANs

Description

In order to build robust deep learning systems, you’ll need to understand everything from how neural networks work to training CNN models. In this book, you’ll discover newly developed deep learning models, methodologies used in the domain, and their implementation based on areas of application. You’ll start by understanding the building blocks and the math behind neural networks, and then move on to CNNs and their advanced applications in computer vision. You'll also learn to apply the most popular CNN architectures in object detection and image segmentation. Further on, you’ll focus on variational autoencoders and GANs. You’ll then use neural networks to extract sophisticated vector representations of words, before going on to cover various types of recurrent networks, such as LSTM and GRU. You’ll even explore the attention mechanism to process sequential data without the help of recurrent neural networks (RNNs). Later, you’ll use graph neural networks for processing structured data, along with covering meta-learning, which allows you to train neural networks with fewer training samples. Finally, you’ll understand how to apply deep learning to autonomous vehicles. By the end of this book, you’ll have mastered key deep learning concepts and the different applications of deep learning models in the real world.

Who is this book for?

This book is for data scientists, deep learning engineers and researchers, and AI developers who want to further their knowledge of deep learning and build innovative and unique deep learning projects. Anyone looking to get to grips with advanced use cases and methodologies adopted in the deep learning domain using real-world examples will also find this book useful. Basic understanding of deep learning concepts and working knowledge of the Python programming language is assumed.

What you will learn

  • Cover advanced and state-of-the-art neural network architectures
  • Understand the theory and math behind neural networks
  • Train DNNs and apply them to modern deep learning problems
  • Use CNNs for object detection and image segmentation
  • Implement generative adversarial networks (GANs) and variational autoencoders to generate new images
  • Solve natural language processing (NLP) tasks, such as machine translation, using sequence-to-sequence models
  • Understand DL techniques, such as meta-learning and graph neural networks
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Table of Contents

16 Chapters
Section 1: Core Concepts Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
The Nuts and Bolts of Neural Networks Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Section 2: Computer Vision Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Understanding Convolutional Networks Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Advanced Convolutional Networks Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Object Detection and Image Segmentation Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Generative Models Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Section 3: Natural Language and Sequence Processing Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Language Modeling Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Understanding Recurrent Networks Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Sequence-to-Sequence Models and Attention Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Section 4: A Look to the Future Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Emerging Neural Network Designs Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Meta Learning Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Deep Learning for Autonomous Vehicles Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Other Books You May Enjoy Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

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Kumar Bhargav Srinivasan Jan 18, 2021
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Target audience for this book is : people who have basic knowledge of AI & Machine Learning.Topics which are perquisites:Basic Linear AlgebraStatisticsPython ( Not a hard requirement, but recommended)Pros:* If you are someone who doesn't remember, first chapter will make life easy for you. It has very thorough examples of each topic of Linear Algebra and statistics.* All the code implemented in the book are accessible via github which is very convenient to hands on on different datasets. I would recommend to run same code on different datasets to try it on your own.* "Put it together" is really nice way to revise all the topics learnt in the chapter.* All the chapters are mostly independent so if you want to focus on one topic than you can just read that chapter and grasp everything.* Personally, I really enjoyed section on text classification and BERT.Cons:* Code maybe hard for the ones who are not fluent in python but python is overall is easier to learn so I don't think this as a barrier to read this book.Overall, this book is really good read for the one who already have beginner level knowledge. I would definitely recommend for the fact it really dives into each topic to the advance level.
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Sunita Jan 14, 2021
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The author of this book reached out to me and provided copy of the full book. I love the way author goes into details of each section in the book. You definitely need to have a prior knowledge of deep learning before diving into this book. The language of the book is fairly simple, clear and easy to understand. Knowing python is a must. I enjoyed reading the book thoroughly.
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Amazon Customer Jan 14, 2021
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What an amazing book! What an amazing Ivan Vasilev has undertaken!I've done several deep learning courses in the past. For those who prefer to know how actually deep learning works in-depth and how math is using behind the deep learning model prediction, this is a gold mine for them.I haven't finished all the materials in the book, but I've read a good way and while it's a different experience to doing the course online, I have been enjoying it so far. The book is well written, well-thought-out and it's started with basic math (concept) to the future of deep learning.I like language modeling and meta-learning most. I was very curious about some topics about how it works behind the scene. Because of this book, I got the most answers. Thank you, Ivan, to compile such a great book.Another great thing about this book is that the book code sample is readily available in GitHub so it's very convenient for me to explore furthermore without wasting time.After reading this book, I am amazed by the usage of math. Thank you Ivan for writing this book. I'll eagerly wait for the next release.
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Steve Dec 31, 2020
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I have generally reviewed this book, I found this is a very good book if you are a beginner or interested in the deep learning field with using python. This book can equip you with an overview of the necessary knowledge along with practical implementations in python, after reading this book, it expects that at least you could solve basic problems or even harder ones in your tasks and you would feel be comfortable to acquire new knowledge querying online in a fast way.Enjoy reading!
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Chandra Dec 30, 2020
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon 4
Disclaimer: The publisher reached out to me to review the book and provided me a copy of it.This book is for readers who already know about DL and want to know the latest in applying DL. This book covers a lot of breadth (vision, text, graphs, meta learning and autonomous vehicles) and depth in some topics (various vision and text neural network architectures). Book starts with an introduction to algebra, vector operations and calculus needed to understand DL concepts in chapter 1 and then ramps up to cover DL applications from chapter 2 onwards. I feel this book is good starting source for someone to get familiar with concepts of applying to DL to graphs and meta learning(there are abundant sources to learn about vision and text problems)If you are looking to learn from the basics, I recommend ‘deep learning’ Coursera course before buying this book.If you are looking to learn about PyTorch and Tensorflow frameworks (even though the title mentions them), I recommend you to look elsewhere.Final thoughts:Highly recommend for readers who are familiar with DL
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