Machine translation

Humans often communicate with each other by means of a language, compared to other communication methods (for example, gesturing). Currently, more than 5,000 languages are spoken worldwide. Furthermore, learning a language to a level where it is easily understandable for a native speaker of that language is a difficult task to master. However, communication is essential for sharing knowledge, socializing and expanding your network. Therefore, language acts as a barrier for communicating with different parts of the world. This is where machine translation (MT) comes in. MT systems allow the user to input a sentence in his own tongue (known as the source language) and output a sentence in a desired target language.

The problem with MT can be formulated as follows. Say, we are given a sentence (or a sequence of words) belonging to a source language S, defined by the following:

Here, .

The source language would be translated to a sentence , where T is the target language and...