Chapter 12

1. Functional programming is a programming paradigm that treats computation as the evaluation of mathematical functions and avoids mutable data and state changes. It differs from imperative programming, where programs are written as sequences of statements that change the program’s state.
2. Functional data transformation in C# can be achieved using pure functions and LINQ. By using LINQ methods such as Select, Where, and Aggregate, developers can transform data without modifying the original data structure. For example, numbers.Select(x => x * 2) will create a new sequence with each element doubled.
3. Functional error handling in C# involves representing errors as data instead of using exceptions. Option types and the Maybe monad are data structures that are used for error handling. Option types represent the presence or absence of a value, while the Maybe monad represents the success or failure of an operation. Using these constructs, developers can handle...