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C# Data Structures and Algorithms
C# Data Structures and Algorithms

C# Data Structures and Algorithms: Explore the possibilities of C# for developing a variety of efficient applications

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C# Data Structures and Algorithms

Arrays and Lists

As a developer, you have certainly stored various collections within your applications, such as user data, books, and logs. One of the natural ways of storing such data is by using arrays and lists. However, have you ever thought about their variants? Have you heard about jagged arrays or circular-linked lists? In this chapter you will see such data structures in action, together with examples and detailed descriptions. That is not all, because the chapter is related to many topics regarding arrays and lists, suitable for developers with various levels of programming skills.

At the start of the chapter, the arrays will be presented and divided into single-dimensional, multi-dimensional, and jagged arrays. You will also get to know four sorting algorithms, namely selection, insertion, bubble sort, and quicksort. For each of them, you will see an illustration-based...

Arrays

Let's start with the array data structure. You can use it to store many variables of the same type, such as int, string, or a user-defined class. As mentioned in the introduction, while developing applications in the C# language, you can benefit from a few variants of arrays, as presented in the following diagram. You have access not only to single-dimensional arrays (indicated as a), but also multi-dimensional (b), and jagged (c). Examples of all of them are shown in the following diagram:

What is important is that the number of elements in an array cannot be changed after initialization. For this reason, you will not be able to easily add a new item at the end of the array or insert it in a given position within the array. If you need such features, you can use other data structures described in this chapter, such as generic lists.

You can find more information...

Sorting algorithms

There are many algorithms that perform various operations on arrays. However, one of the most common tasks is sorting an array to arrange its elements in the correct order, either ascending or descending. The topic of sorting algorithms involves many approaches, including selection sort, insertion sort, bubble sort, and quicksort, which will be explained in detail in this part of the chapter.

Selection sort

Let's start with the selection sort, which is one of the simplest sorting algorithms. The algorithm divides the array into two parts, namely sorted and unsorted. In the following iterations, the algorithm finds the smallest element in the unsorted part and exchanges it with the first element in the...

Simple lists

Arrays are really useful data structures and they are applied in many algorithms. However, in some cases their application could be complicated due to their nature, which does not allow to increase or decrease the length of the already-created array. What should you do if you do not know the total number of elements to store in the collection? Do you need to create a very big array and just not use unnecessary elements? Such a solution does not sound good, does it? A much better approach is to use a data structure that makes it possible to dynamically increase the size of the collection if it is necessary.

Array list

The first data structure that meets this requirement is the array list, which is represented by...

Sorted lists

In this chapter, you have already learned how to store data using arrays and lists. However, do you know that you can even use a data structure that ensures that the elements are sorted? If not, let's get to know the SortedList generic class (from the System.Collections.Generic namespace), which is a collection of key-value pairs, sorted by keys, without the necessity of sorting them on your own. It is worth mentioning that all keys must be unique and cannot be equal to null.

You can easily add an element to the collection using the Add method, and remove a specified item using the Remove method. Among other methods, it is worth noting ContainsKey and ContainsValue for checking whether the collection contains an item with a given key or value, as well as IndexOfKey and IndexOfValue for returning an index of a given key or value within the collection...

Linked lists

While using the List generic class, you can easily get access to particular elements of the collection using indices. However, when you get a single element, how can you move to the next element of the collection? Is it possible? To do so, you may consider the IndexOf method to get an index of the element. Unfortunately, it returns an index of the first occurrence of a given value in the collection, so it will not always work as expected in this scenario.

It would be great to have some kind of pointer to the next element, as shown in the following diagram:

With this approach, you can easily navigate from one element to the next one using the Next property. Such a structure is named the single-linked list. However, can it be further expanded by adding the Previous property to allow navigating in forward and backward directions? Of course! Such a data structure is...

Circular-linked lists

In the previous section, you have learned about the double-linked list. As you can see, the implementation of such a data structure allows for navigating between the nodes using the Previous and Next properties. However, the Previous property of the first node is set to null, as is the Next property of the last node. Do you know that you can easily expand this approach to create the circular-linked list?

Such a data structure is presented in the following diagram:

Here, the Previous property of the first node navigates to the last one, while the Next property of the last node navigates to the first. This data structure can be useful in some specific cases, as you will see while developing a real-world example.

It is worth mentioning that the way of navigating between nodes does not need to be implemented as properties. It can also be replaced with methods...

Summary

Arrays and lists are among the most common data structures used while developing various kinds of applications. However, this topic is not as easy as it seems to be, because even arrays can be divided into a few variants, namely single-dimensional, multi-dimensional, and jagged arrays, also referred to as arrays of arrays.

In the case of lists, the differences are even more visible, as you could see in the case of simple, generic, sorted, single-linked, double-linked, and circular-linked lists. Fortunately, the built-in implementation is available for the array list, as well as the generic, sorted, and double-linked lists. Furthermore, you can quite easily extend the double-linked list to behave as the circular-linked list. Therefore, you can benefit from the features of suitable structures without the significant development effort.

The available types of data structures...

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Key benefits

  • Master array, set and map with trees and graphs, among other fundamental data structures
  • Delve into effective design and implementation techniques to meet your software requirements
  • Explore illustrations to present data structures and algorithms, as well as their analysis in a clear, visual manner

Description

Data structures allow organizing data efficiently. They are critical to various problems and their suitable implementation can provide a complete solution that acts like reusable code. In this book, you will learn how to use various data structures while developing in the C# language as well as how to implement some of the most common algorithms used with such data structures. At the beginning, you will get to know arrays, lists, dictionaries, and sets together with real-world examples of your application. Then, you will learn how to create and use stacks and queues. In the following part of the book, the more complex data structures will be introduced, namely trees and graphs, together with some algorithms for searching the shortest path in a graph. We will also discuss how to organize the code in a manageable, consistent, and extendable way. By the end of the book,you will learn how to build components that are easy to understand, debug, and use in different applications.

Who is this book for?

This book is for developers who would like to learn the Data Structures and Algorithms in C#. Basic C# programming knowledge would be an added advantage.

What you will learn

  • How to use arrays and lists to get better results in complex scenarios
  • Implement algorithms like the Tower of Hanoi on stacks of C# objects
  • Build enhanced applications by using hashtables, dictionaries and sets
  • Make a positive impact on efficiency of applications with tree traversal
  • Effectively find the shortest path in the graph
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Publication date, Length, Edition, Language, ISBN-13
Publication date : Apr 19, 2018
Length: 292 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781788833738
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Microsoft
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Product Details

Publication date : Apr 19, 2018
Length: 292 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781788833738
Vendor :
Microsoft
Category :
Languages :

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Table of Contents

8 Chapters
Getting Started Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Arrays and Lists Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Stacks and Queues Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Dictionaries and Sets Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Variants of Trees Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Exploring Graphs Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Summary Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Other Books You May Enjoy Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

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Rating distribution
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Half star icon Empty star icon 3.7
(7 Ratings)
5 star 42.9%
4 star 14.3%
3 star 14.3%
2 star 28.6%
1 star 0%
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Adam Sep 11, 2020
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Overall this book is quite good. The code examples use good fundamentals of object oriented design. They also use built in c# constructs to get to the final data structure.The cons I’ve found so far are Merge sort is not present, and the tree visualization example doesn’t include putting blank space characters to space out the tree. (Add a for loop that looks for null characters and replaces them with spaces gets it to render correctly)Overall though this book explains complicated data structures in a simple way. It introduces recursion in a way that’s easy to implement. I’m happy with this purchase and it’s taught me a few tricks I didn’t know as a full time c# developer.
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Felix Mar 14, 2019
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
The books goes through all advanced data structures - Sets, Trees, Graphs, etc. For each of the structures it shows whether C# provides implementation out of the box (eg., for Dictionary), or there is third-party Nuget package (eg., Tree), or you need to develop your own implementation. Unfortunately, some NuGet packages haven't been updated since 2011 and are not compatible with .NET Core... oh well!For the programmers that skipped advanced data structures class, the book gives a refresher for things like AVL trees or Graph traversal. It also gives more algorithm implementations than you ever wanted to know.Finally, the book shows you what data structure fits what problem.
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jose antonio vega ruiz Feb 01, 2022
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Good enough
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Emran Apr 15, 2021
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I am an experienced C# programmer, but, In our time, there was no C# book for data structure and algorithms. I learned Algorithms using Java. So, I was excited when I saw this book. That's the reason I bought it. But, I found a piece of terrible advice in this book, as you can see from the screenshot I attached. In the chapter on Dictionaries and Sets, when accessing a dictionary with a given key where the key does not exist, the application will crash. The book says, "You can prevent the application from crashing by using a try-catch block". I was shocked to see this advice. Try-Catch should never be the way to handle this situation. There are many better ways, like checking the "ContainsKey(.._) method, or the best way for performance is : dictionary.TryGetValue("keyName", out string foundValue);A book of algorithms should suggest the way that gives the better performance. But, try-catch is .,, I don't know what to say.Anyway, the book teaches some basic C# stuff which will be helpful for beginners, for sure. It talks about many algorithms. It could be more interesting, but can't complain much about that.
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Amazon Customer May 05, 2022
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 3
The DS are briefly explained, for more information look up MSDN ...
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