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Bare-Metal Embedded C Programming

You're reading from   Bare-Metal Embedded C Programming Develop high-performance embedded systems with C for Arm microcontrollers

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Product type Paperback
Published in Sep 2024
Publisher Packt
ISBN-13 9781835460818
Length 438 pages
Edition 1st Edition
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Author (1):
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Israel Gbati Israel Gbati
Author Profile Icon Israel Gbati
Israel Gbati
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Table of Contents (21) Chapters Close

Preface 1. Chapter 1: Setting Up the Tools of the Trade FREE CHAPTER 2. Chapter 2: Constructing Peripheral Registers from Memory Addresses 3. Chapter 3: Understanding the Build Process and Exploring the GNU Toolchain 4. Chapter 4: Developing the Linker Script and Startup File 5. Chapter 5: The “Make” Build System 6. Chapter 6: The Common Microcontroller Software Interface Standard (CMSIS) 7. Chapter 7: The General-Purpose Input/Output (GPIO) Peripheral 8. Chapter 8: System Tick (SysTick) Timer 9. Chapter 9: General-Purpose Timers (TIM) 10. Chapter 10: The Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter Protocol 11. Chapter 11: Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) 12. Chapter 12: Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) 13. Chapter 13: Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C) 14. Chapter 14: External Interrupts and Events (EXTI) 15. Chapter 15: The Real-Time Clock (RTC) 16. Chapter 16: Independent Watchdog (IWDG) 17. Chapter 17: Direct Memory Access (DMA) 18. Chapter 18: Power Management and Energy Efficiency in Embedded Systems 19. Index 20. Other Books You May Enjoy

Defining and creating registers through documentation insights

In the previous section, we established that the User LED is connected to pin PA5. This means that it is linked to pin number 5 on GPIO PORTA. In other words, to get to the LED, we have to go through PORTA and then locate pin number 5 of that port.

As illustrated in Figure 2.10, the microcontroller has exposed pins on all four sides. These pins are organized into distinct groups known as ports. For instance, pins in PORTA are denoted with the PA prefix, while those in PORTB start with PB, and so forth. This systematic arrangement allows us to easily identify and access specific pins for programming and hardware interfacing tasks.

Figure 2.10: STM32F411 pinout

Figure 2.10: STM32F411 pinout

In the next section, we will go through the steps to locate the precise address of GPIO PORTA.

Locating GPIO PORTA

To effectively interact with any part of our microcontroller, it’s essential to know the memory address...

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