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The FPGA Programming Handbook
The FPGA Programming Handbook

The FPGA Programming Handbook: An essential guide to FPGA design for transforming ideas into hardware using SystemVerilog and VHDL , Second Edition

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Profile Icon Frank Bruno Profile Icon Guy Eschemann
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Arrow left icon
Profile Icon Frank Bruno Profile Icon Guy Eschemann
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Paperback Apr 2024 550 pages 2nd Edition
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The FPGA Programming Handbook

FPGA Programming Languages and Tools

In the previous chapter, we explored what makes up an FPGA and looked at ASICs and Boolean functions, the underlying technology. We saw how these simple gates can be stitched together to create more complex functions. We explored the AMD Xilinx Artix 7 architecture and the Nexys 7 development board.

In this chapter, we are going to cover the following main topics:

  • Hardware Description Language (HDL)
  • Introducing Vitis and Vivado

Technical requirements

To follow along with the examples in this chapter, you need the following hardware and software.

Hardware

Unlike programming languages, SystemVerilog, Verilog, and VHDL are hardware description languages; to really see the fruits of your work in this book, you will need an FPGA board to load your designs into. For the purposes of this book, I have suggested a development board that is readily available. It is possible to target another board if you already have one. However, some of the resources may not be identical or you may need to change the constraints file (.xdc or equivalent) to access the resources that another board has.

Information on the Nexys A7

The reason that I am recommending the Nexys A7 is that it has multiple external interfaces that will be discussed in later chapters and will give you experience with interfacing with these components: https://store.digilentinc.com/nexys-a7-fpga-trainer-board-recommended-for-ece-curriculum...

Hardware Description Languages (HDLs)

Prior to the development of HDLs, you would create a design using schematic capture or a very primitive language like PALASM or ABLE to implement a design. Schematic capture could be done at the transistor level for ASICs or gate-level primitives, but much of the process was manual. The very first CPUs were designed by hand on large sheets of paper. In my first VLSI class, I designed a 60 Hz notch filter by hand over very many long nights using MAGIC, a design entry package. There was no auto-routing and cell placement was manual at the transistor level. If there were lots of level changes and jogging around due to not leaving enough room for traces, everything had to be ripped up and re-placed and routed by hand.

Luckily, these days, we can do most of our designs using HDL. This textual representation is compact, relatively easy to read, and easy to simulate. However, we do have to address the fact that the industry has settled on two different...

Introducing Vitis and Vivado

Once you have selected a board, the best way to get to know it is to work through an example design.

Vivado is the Xilinx tool we will be using to implement, test, download, and debug our HDL designs. It can be run as a command-line tool in non-project mode, or in project mode using the Graphical User Interface (GUI). For our purposes, we will be using project mode via the GUI as this is a little easier for new users. Project mode handles the organization of the files and allows for design entry and on-the-fly error checking if you desire.

Non-project mode is more for “power users” where you would write Tcl scripts and control the flow of the tools via the command line. In this mode, you would only use the tools for timing analysis and on-chip debugging. We will go through non-project mode as an introduction in the Appendix.

Later in the book, we will implement MicroBlaze, an embedded CPU designed by Xilinx, in our FPGA. Vitis...

Summary

In this chapter, we’ve learned the basics of HDL design and implementation using FPGAs. We’ve learned how to use an FPGA board and program it. This sets us up for the rest of the book, where we will use this board and our programming skills in a variety of tasks and projects. Ultimately, these skills will be the foundation for developing your own designs, be they for work or play.

The next chapter will build upon our example design as we delve further into combinational logic design.

Questions

  1. Which step in the flow is the first:
    1. Implementation
    2. Generate bitstream
    3. Synthesis
  2. Match the keywords to the language:

Construct

SystemVerilog or VHDL

package

library

module

entity

architecture

std_logic_vector

logic

  1. Modify the code and testbench to test the following gates: NAND (not AND), NOR (not OR), and XNOR (not XOR). Hint: You can invert a unary operator...

Answers

  1. c) synthesis,

    a) implemention

    b) Generate bitstream.

  1. package - SystemVerilog

    library - VHDL

    module - SystemVerilog

    entity - VHDL

    architeture - VHDL

    std_logic_vector - VHDL

    logic - SystemVerilog

  1. This has been left for the readers

Challenge

  1. Open CH2/SystemVerilog/build/challenge.xpr or CH2/VHDL/build/challenge.xpr.
  2. Modify the lines in challenge.sv to implement a full adder:

SystemVerilog

  assign LED[0]  = ; // Write the code for the Sum
  assign LED[1]  = ; // Write the code for the Carry

VHDL

  LED(0)  = ; -- Write the code for the Sum
  LED(1)  = ; -- Write the code for the Carry

Modify tb_challenge.sv to test it:

SystemVerilog

    if () then // Modify for checking

VHDL

    ifbegin -- Modify for checking

Hint: You may want to jump ahead in the book at Chapter 3, Combinational Logic to look at addition or do a quick web search.

Further reading

Please refer to the following links for more information:

Join our community on Discord

Join our community’s Discord space for discussions with the authors and other readers:

https://packt.link/embedded

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Download code icon Download Code

Key benefits

  • Explore a wide range of FPGA applications, grasp their versatility, and master Xilinx FPGA tool flow
  • Master the intricacies of SystemVerilog and VHDL to develop robust and efficient hardware circuits
  • Refine skills with CPU, VGA, and calculator projects for practical expertise in real-world applications

Description

In today's tech-driven world, Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are foundation of many modern systems. Transforming ideas into reality demands a deep dive into FPGA architecture, tools, and design principles. This FPGA book is your essential companion to FPGA development with SystemVerilog and VHDL, tailored for both beginners and those looking to expand their knowledge. In this edition, you will gain versatility in FPGA design, opening doors to diverse opportunities and projects in the field. Go beyond theory with structured, hands-on projects, starting from simple LED control and progressing to advanced microcontroller applications, highly sought after in today's FPGA job market. You will go from basic Boolean logic circuits to a resource-optimized calculator, showcasing your hardware design prowess. Elevate your knowledge by designing a VGA controller, demonstrating your ability to synthesize complex hardware systems. Use this handbook as your FPGA development guide, mastering intricacies, igniting creativity, and emerging with the expertise to craft hardware circuits using SystemVerilog and VHDL. This isn't just another technical manual; it's your exhilarating journey to master both theory and practice, accelerating your FPGA design skills to soaring new heights. Grab your copy today and start this exciting journey!

Who is this book for?

This FPGA design book is for embedded system developers, engineers, and programmers who want to learn FPGA design using SystemVerilog or VHDL programming from scratch. FPGA designers looking to gain hands-on experience with real-world projects will also find this book useful. Whether you are new to FPGA development or seeking to enhance your skills, this book provides a solid foundation and practical experience in FPGA design.

What you will learn

  • Understand the FPGA architecture and its implementation
  • Get to grips with writing SystemVerilog and VHDL RTL
  • Make FPGA projects using SystemVerilog and VHDL programming
  • Work with computer math basics, parallelism, and pipelining
  • Explore the advanced topics of AXI and keyboard interfacing with PS/2
  • Discover how you can implement a VGA interface in your projects
  • Explore the PMOD connectors-SPI and UART, using Nexys A7 board
  • Implement an embedded microcontroller in the FPGA
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Table of Contents

16 Chapters
Introduction to FPGA Architectures Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
FPGA Programming Languages and Tools Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Combinational Logic Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Counting Button Presses Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Let’s Build a Calculator Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
FPGA Resources and How to Use Them Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Math, Parallelism, and Pipelined Design Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Introduction to AXI Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Lots of Data? MIG and DDR2 Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
A Better Way to Display – VGA Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Bringing It All Together Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Using the PMOD Connectors – SPI and UART Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Embedded Microcontrollers Using the Xilinx MicroBlaze Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Advanced Topics Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Other Books You May Enjoy Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Index Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

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Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon 4
(21 Ratings)
5 star 52.4%
4 star 28.6%
3 star 4.8%
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1 star 14.3%
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RM Oct 09, 2024
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
This Handbook, is singlehandedly the best and only handbook you need to get started with FPGA design. It covers all the fundamentals and ensures you're right on track to becoming an FPGA EXPERT. I highly recommend this to anyone interested in FPGA.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Ashley May 03, 2024
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
This book is one of the most comprehensive books I've read that I believe serves as a perfect introduction for those getting into FPGA development! It starts off introducing logic gates and going into the component makeup of FPGAs, but will soon go into the principles of programming. Examples include the use of Vivado and will familiarize the reader with its complexities. The book is filled with screenshots and diagrams that make it easy to follow along. There's example snippets written in both VHDL and SystemVerilog, which I appreciate very much. There are also tons of reference links sprinkled throughout the book for supplementary information. Overall, it's very well written, fun to read, and I would definitely recommend to everyone eager to get started with Digital Design!
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Hammed Omotoso Jun 22, 2024
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
The FPGA Programming Handbook is an essential resource for intermediate learners and engineers aiming to improve their FPGA programming skills for practical applications. It offers a strong foundation in both SystemVerilog and VHDL, leading readers through the design process from concept to implementation.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
maran Jul 02, 2024
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Fpga handbook is a must for all beginners getting into the world of fpga. Frank has done some incredible work on this title.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
gregor May 21, 2024
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
This book is excellent for beginners not only does it explain the basic architecture of an FPGA and how to use it but it also provides excellent example code to easily get you started. It covers why use an fpga or an ASIC chip, how to use an FPGA in an embedded microcontroller, how to use various inputs like a digital microphone. The various projects such as how to build a calculator, keep a car in a straight line are easy to follow along to anyone with basic electronic knowledge.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
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