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Selenium WebDriver Quick Start Guide
Selenium WebDriver Quick Start Guide

Selenium WebDriver Quick Start Guide: Write clear, readable, and reliable tests with Selenium WebDriver 3

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Selenium WebDriver Quick Start Guide

Understanding the Document Object Model and Creating Customized XPaths

In the previous chapter, we had a look at Selenium RC, WebDriver, the basic Eclipse setup, and a very simple program. Opening the browser and loading a web page is OK to start with but it is not of much use if one is not able to do operations such as clicking links and buttons, selecting values from dropdowns, entering text in a textbox, and so on. In order to achieve this, we have to explore what is called the Document Object Model (DOM). The following topics will be covered in this chapter:

  • What is the DOM?
  • DOM traversal
  • What is the Fillo API?
  • Debugging in Eclipse

The four major topics will be explained in detail in the form of sub-topics throughout the chapter.

Technical requirements

What is the DOM?

The DOM is an application programming interface that is linked to HTML, XHTML, or XML documents and treats these similar to a tree where each node in the tree represents a part of the document.

In simple words, the DOM can be compared to a tree where there is a root node, intermediate nodes, and leaf nodes.

The root node has no parent; the intermediate nodes have a parent, one or more siblings, and one or more children. This is a very important concept and will help at the time of creating relative or customized XPaths, which we will see in a later part of the chapter.

Shown here is a sample DOM:

In the preceding diagram, there are three leaf nodes, two intermediate nodes, and one root node. All of this is contained in a document. The question that arises next is: how do we get to a particular node in this tree structure? This is where terms such as XPath and...

DOM traversal

Now that we have seen the basic definitions of XPaths and CSS and also looked at what WebElements are, let's understand how we can use these to exploit the DOM. DOM traversal entails getting to the desired element with the help of either XPaths or CSS. It is possible to traverse the DOM in a forward and backward direction with XPaths but traversal through XPaths is slow compared to CSS. Traversal using CSS can only be done in the forward direction. In order to traverse the DOM, using either XPaths or CSS, we need to understand the By class.

Dissecting the By class

The By class is an abstract class that has eight static methods and eight inner classes. Let's understand the structure of the By class.

...

Introducing the Fillo API

In the subsequent chapters, we will be dealing with a lot Excel data. In order to make data manipulation simpler using Excel, Codoid, a software firm, introduced the Fillo API. This API can be used for both XLS and XLSX files. It's an open source API. Fillo can be used to trigger select, insert, and update operations with where conditions. It also supports like and multiple where conditions. Let's understand how to make use of this useful API. First of all, let's add the Maven dependency for Fillo. Put the dependency shown here in pom.xml:

<dependency>
<groupId>com.codoid.products</groupId>
<artifactId>fillo</artifactId>
<version>1.18</version>
</dependency>

To start using Fillo in the code, create a class file in Eclipse and type the following code in a main method. This code first...

Debugging in Eclipse

During the coding journey, a very useful technique to figure out logic problems is known as debugging. You remove the bugs in the code using debugging. To use the debugger in Eclipse, navigate to the Run | Debug As menu, or simply press F11:

You will get the popup shown previously. Optionally, click on Remember my decision and then click on the Yes button.

The screen that gets displayed is shown as follows:

The box labelled 1 is where the variable and expression values can be checked and the box labelled 2 is the breakpoint on which the execution has halted. Now one can progress line-by-line using F5 or F6. F5 will go into each individual called method, whereas F6 will not. Clicking F8 will continue the execution, which might halt at the next breakpoint, if present.

The topic of debugging can consume an entire mini-book but as far as this book is concerned...

Summary

In this chapter, we had a look at the different locators available for desktop as well as mobile applications. We saw examples of absolute and relative XPaths (customized XPaths) and also how to construct XPaths dynamically. We had a look at the tagName static method and also understood how to find elements with container elements. Next, we had a look at mobile locators and the different tools available to us for automating mobile applications. We understood the different types of mobile applications. Finally, we touched on debugging in the Eclipse IDE. In Chapter 3, Basic Selenium Commands and Their Usage in Building a Framework, we will start looking at writing pieces of code in a linear fashion.

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Key benefits

  • Learn Selenium from the ground up
  • Design your own testing framework
  • Create reusable functionality in your framework

Description

Selenium WebDriver is a platform-independent API for automating the testing of both browser and mobile applications. It is also a core technology in many other browser automation tools, APIs, and frameworks. This book will guide you through the WebDriver APIs that are used in automation tests. Chapter by chapter, we will construct the building blocks of a page object model framework as you learn about the required Java and Selenium methods and terminology. The book starts with an introduction to the same-origin policy, cross-site scripting dangers, and the Document Object Model (DOM). Moving ahead, we'll learn about XPath, which allows us to select items on a page, and how to design a customized XPath. After that, we will be creating singleton patterns and drivers. Then you will learn about synchronization and handling pop-up windows. You will see how to create a factory for browsers and understand command design patterns applicable to this area. At the end of the book, we tie all this together by creating a framework and implementing multi-browser testing with Selenium Grid.

Who is this book for?

This book is for software testers or developers.

What you will learn

  • Understand what an XPath is and how to design a customized XPath
  • Learn how to create a Maven project and build
  • Create a Singleton driver
  • Get to grips with Jenkins integration
  • Create a factory for browsers
  • Implement multi-browser testing with Selenium Grid
  • Create a sample pop-up window and JavaScript alert
  • Report using Extent Reports
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Publication date : Oct 30, 2018
Length: 192 pages
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Language : English
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Table of Contents

9 Chapters
Introducing Selenium WebDriver and Environment Setup Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Understanding the Document Object Model and Creating Customized XPaths Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Basic Selenium Commands and Their Usage in Building a Framework Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Handling Popups, Frames, and Alerts Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Synchronization Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
The Actions Class and JavascriptExecutor Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
The Command Pattern and Creating Components Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Hybrid Framework Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Other Books You May Enjoy Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

Rating distribution
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon 4
(3 Ratings)
5 star 66.7%
4 star 0%
3 star 0%
2 star 33.3%
1 star 0%
Ramkrishna Bhandare Jan 23, 2019
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
value for money
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Ashutosh Rai May 28, 2019
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
This book is simple and easy to understand, If you are new in Selenium Automation its a good starting point. If you are already good in Selenium, this book works as a reference book to use the variety of code snippets.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Abhishek Kar Apr 05, 2019
Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 2
Not elaborate enough to understand everything clearly
Amazon Verified review Amazon
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