Science is based on statistics. We propose hypotheses from observations. We test and reject the null hypothesis when its probability, the p value, is lower than a threshold, so that observed phenomena are not likely arisen from mere chance; that is, our proposed hypothesis is supported.
There are some specific plot types that can ease the visualization of descriptive and inferential statistics. We will first revisit more variants of bar charts–stacked bar chart and layered histograms, which are commonly used in scientific publications to summarize and describe data.
