Chapter 1, Foundation for Advanced Robotics and AI

1. PID stands for Proportional, Integral, Derivative, and is a type of closed loop controller which does not require a model to operate. PID is not an AI method because it doesn't involve learning and there is no simulation of decision making.
2. The Turing test, originally called “The Imitation Game” by Alan Turing, is an imaginary test, or thought experiment, in which a person is communicating with someone or something via a teletype (text message for you millennials). An AI would pass the Turing test if the person was unable to tell if the entity he/she was communicating with was a human or a robot. The Turing test has been pretty much smashed by modern AI-based chatbots, and a new test has been proposed – assembling IKEA furniture via the directions.
3. Because they cannot see them completely with a range...