From reading this chapter, you have got an understanding of networking in Python. The aim of this chapter was to complete the prerequisites of the upcoming chapters. From the start, you have learned the need for pentesting. Pentesting is conducted to identify threats and vulnerabilities in an organization. What should be tested? This is specified in the agreement; don't try to test anything that is not mentioned in the agreement. The agreement is your get out of jail free card. A pentester should have knowledge of the latest technology, and you should have some knowledge of Python before you start reading this book. In order to run Python scripts, you should have a lab setup, a network of computers to test a live system, and dummy websites running on the Apache server.
This chapter also discussed the socket and its methods. The server socket method defines how to make a simple server. The server binds its own address and port to listen to the connections. A client that knows the server address and port number connects to the server to get a service. Some socket methods such as socket.recv(bufsize), socket.recvfrom(bufsize), socket.recv_into(buffer), socket.send(bytes), and so on are useful for the server as well as the client. You learned how to handle different types of exceptions. In the Useful socket methods section, you got an idea of how to get the IP address and hostname of a machine, how to glean the IP address from the domain name, and vice versa.
In the next chapter, we will be looking at scanning pentesting, which includes IP address scanning to detect live hosts. To carry out IP scanning, ping sweep and TCP scanning are used. You will learn how to detect services running on a remote host using a port scanner.
