Encapsulation and hexagonal architectures
Encapsulation is a concept taken for granted by programmers who are used to working with object-oriented programming and, indeed, it is quite a basic idea. When talking about encapsulation, your mind goes to the getters and setters methods. To put it simply, you can hide fields in your class, and control how the other objects interact with them. This is a basic way to protect the status of your object (internal data) from the outside world. In this way, you decouple the state from the behavior, and you are free to switch the data type, validate the input, change formats, and so on. In short, it's easy to understand the advantages of this approach.
However, encapsulation is a concept that goes beyond simple getters and setters. I personally find some echoes of this concept in other modern approaches, such as APIs and microservices (more on this in Chapter 9, Designing Cloud-Native Architectures). In my opinion, encapsulation (also known...
