Genome sequencing

After the discovery of the DNA structure, scientists were curious to determine the exact sequence of DNA (aka interpreting the whole book). A lot of pioneering discoveries paved the way for the sequencing of DNA, starting with Walter Gilbert when he published the first nucleotide sequence of the DNA lac operator consisting of 24 base pairs in 1973 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC427284). This was followed by Frederick Sanger who for the first time sequenced the complete DNA genome of the phi X174 bacteriophage (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/731693/). Sanger pioneered the first-ever sequencing of genes through the method of DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. In the last 50 years, available sequencing technologies have been restricted to relatively small genomes, but advances in DNA sequencing technologies such as next-generation sequencing (NGS) have revolutionized genome sequencing because of their cost, speed, throughput, and accuracy...