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Scaling Big Data with Hadoop and Solr, Second Edition
Scaling Big Data with Hadoop and Solr, Second Edition

Scaling Big Data with Hadoop and Solr, Second Edition: Understand, design, build, and optimize your big data search engine with Hadoop and Apache Solr

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Scaling Big Data with Hadoop and Solr, Second Edition

Chapter 2. Understanding Apache Solr

In the previous chapter, we discussed how big data has evolved to cater to the needs of various organizations, in order to deal with a humongous data size. There are many other challenges while working with data of different shapes. For example, the log files of any application server have semi-structured data or Microsoft Word documents, making it difficult to store the data in traditional relational storage. The challenge to handling such data is not just related to storage: there is also the big question of how to access the required information. Enterprise search engines are designed to address this problem.

Today, finding the required information within a specified timeframe has become more crucial than ever. Enterprises without information retrieval capabilities suffer from problems such as lost productivity of employees, poor decisions based on faulty/incomplete information, duplicated efforts, and so on. Given these scenarios, it is...

Setting up Apache Solr

We will be going through the Apache Solr architecture in the next section; for now, let's install Apache Solr on our machines. Apache Solr is a Java Servlet web application that runs on Apache Lucene, Tika, and other open source libraries. Apache Solr ships with a demo server on jetty, so one can simply run it through the command line. This helps users to run the Solr instance quickly. However, you can choose to customize it and deploy it in your own environment. Apache Solr does not ship with any installer; it has to be run as a part of J2EE Application.

Prerequisites for setting up Apache Solr

Apache Solr requires Java 1.6 or more to run, so it is important to make sure you have the correct version of Java by calling java –version, as shown in the following screenshot:

Prerequisites for setting up Apache Solr

Note

With the latest version of Apache Solr (4.0 or more), JDK 1.5 is not supported anymore. Apache Solr 4.0+ runs on JDK 1.6 + version. Instead of going for the pre-shipped JDK with your...

The Apache Solr architecture

An Apache Solr instance can run as a single core or multicore; it is a client server model. A Solr core is nothing but the running instance of a Solr index along with its configuration. Earlier, Apache Solr had a single core that in turn limited the consumers to run Solr on one application, through a single schema and configuration file. Later, support for creating multiple cores was added. With this support one can now run one Solr instance for multiple schemas and configurations with unified administrations. You can run Solr in multicore with the following command:

java -Dsolr.solr.home=multicore -jar start.jar

Apache Solr is composed of multiple modules, some of them being separate projects in themselves. Let's understand the different components of the Apache Solr architecture. The following diagram depicts the Apache Solr conceptual architecture:

The Apache Solr architecture

Apache Solr can run in a master-slave mode. Index replicator is responsible for distributing indexes across...

Configuring Solr

Apache Solr allows extensive configuration to meet the needs of the consumer. Configuring the instance revolves around the following:

  • Defining a schema
  • Configuring Solr parameters

First, let's try and understand the Apache Solr structure, and then, look at all these steps to understand the configuration of Apache Solr.

Understanding the Solr structure

The Apache Solr home folder mainly contains the configuration and index-related data. These are the following major folders in the Solr collection:

Directory

Purpose

conf/

This folder contains all the configuration files of Apache Solr and is mandatory. Among them, solrconfig.xml, and schema.xml are important configuration files.

data/

This folder stores the data related to indexes generated by Solr. This is a default location for Solr to store this information. This location can be overridden by modifying conf/solrconfig.xml.

lib/

This folder is optional. If it exists, Solr will load any Jars found in this folder...

Loading data in Apache Solr

Once Apache Solr is configured, the next step is to load data in Apache Solr and run queries. There are different ways to load data into Apache Solr. The following diagram depicts most of the used ones:

Loading data in Apache Solr

We have already seen the simple post tool earlier while setting up Apache Solr. We are going to understand Extracting Request Handler.

Extracting request handler – Solr Cell

Solr Cell is one of the most powerful handlers for uploading any type of data. This is particularly useful if you wish to run Solr on a set of files/unstructured data containing different formats such as office, pdf, eBook, emails, and text. In Apache Tika, text extraction is based purely on file type and content. So, if you have a PDF of scanned images containing text, Apache Tika won't be able to extract any of the text from it. In such cases, you need to use OCR-based software to bring in such functionality for Solr. You can simply try this by downloading the curl utility and then...

Querying for information in Solr

We have already seen how Apache Solr effectively uses different request handlers to provide consumers with extensive ways of getting search results. Each Request Handler uses its own query parser, which extracts the parameters and their values from the query string and forms Lucene Query Objects. The standard query parser allows greater precision over search data; DisMaxQueryParser and Extended DisMaxQueryParser provide a Google-like searching syntax while searching. Depending upon which request handler called, the query syntax is changed. Let's look at some of the important terms:

Term

Meaning

q?<string>

The query string <String> can support wildcards (*:*); for example, title:Scaling*

fl=id,book-name

The field list that a search response will return

sort=author asc

Results/facets to be sorted by authors in an ascending order

price[* TO 100]&rows=10&start=5

Looks for price between 0 and 100; limits the result to...

Setting up Apache Solr


We will be going through the Apache Solr architecture in the next section; for now, let's install Apache Solr on our machines. Apache Solr is a Java Servlet web application that runs on Apache Lucene, Tika, and other open source libraries. Apache Solr ships with a demo server on jetty, so one can simply run it through the command line. This helps users to run the Solr instance quickly. However, you can choose to customize it and deploy it in your own environment. Apache Solr does not ship with any installer; it has to be run as a part of J2EE Application.

Prerequisites for setting up Apache Solr

Apache Solr requires Java 1.6 or more to run, so it is important to make sure you have the correct version of Java by calling java –version, as shown in the following screenshot:

Note

With the latest version of Apache Solr (4.0 or more), JDK 1.5 is not supported anymore. Apache Solr 4.0+ runs on JDK 1.6 + version. Instead of going for the pre-shipped JDK with your default operating...

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Description

This book is aimed at developers, designers, and architects who would like to build big data enterprise search solutions for their customers or organizations. No prior knowledge of Apache Hadoop and Apache Solr/Lucene technologies is required.

Who is this book for?

This book is aimed at developers, designers, and architects who would like to build big data enterprise search solutions for their customers or organizations. No prior knowledge of Apache Hadoop and Apache Solr/Lucene technologies is required.

What you will learn

  • Understand Apache Hadoop, its ecosystem, and Apache Solr
  • Explore industrybased architectures by designing a big data enterprise search with their applicability and benefits
  • Integrate Apache Solr with big data technologies such as Cassandra to enable better scalability and high availability for big data
  • Optimize the performance of your big data search platform with scaling data
  • Write MapReduce tasks to index your data
  • Configure your Hadoop instance to handle realworld big data problems
  • Work with Hadoop and Solr using realworld examples to benefit from their practical usage
  • Use Apache Solr as a NoSQL database

Product Details

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Publication date, Length, Edition, Language, ISBN-13
Publication date : Apr 27, 2015
Length: 166 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781783553402
Vendor :
Apache
Category :
Concepts :
Tools :

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Product Details

Publication date : Apr 27, 2015
Length: 166 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781783553402
Vendor :
Apache
Category :
Concepts :
Tools :

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Table of Contents

7 Chapters
1. Processing Big Data Using Hadoop and MapReduce Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
2. Understanding Apache Solr Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
3. Enabling Distributed Search using Apache Solr Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
4. Big Data Search Using Hadoop and Its Ecosystem Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
5. Scaling Search Performance Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
A. Use Cases for Big Data Search Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Index Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

Rating distribution
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 3
(4 Ratings)
5 star 0%
4 star 25%
3 star 50%
2 star 25%
1 star 0%
Winston May 28, 2015
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon 4
Great Book....Big data is all the rave these days. As technologists we are faced with ever increasing ways to make sense of our data and organize it in a way that makes best business and personal use. The author does a good job of explaining the uses of Hadoop and Solr. I just wish there was more to read but what was offered has me yearning for more in the next edition hopefully.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
David Jun 10, 2015
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 3
Good book but requires that you clearly understand the targeted audience. The book is clear and is a must have for administrator of Hadoop and Solr. It explains how to configure correctly and scale such infrastructure. It also address the most common issues and how to deal with them. As such, it will probably save a lot of time and effort to Hadoop/Solr administrators.It also requires the reader to already have a good knowledge of Hadoop which make sense for a booking called scaling ;). If you are new to Hadoop, you should probably start learning on the Internet or go to a book that will introduce all the concepts because at the exception of Chapter 1 which refresh your memory, you will have to know what are the elements mentioned by the author.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
PJG May 21, 2015
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 3
This book is a good to Solr and how it can be used to tackle distributed search scenarios. The first chapter is an introduction to the Hadoop stack and it gives a good description and overview of HDFS and fundamental MapReduce concepts.Chapter two gives an overview of the architecture of Apache Solr, and describes how you can install and configure it. The third chapter describes the problems which Solr can solve on its own and identifies the benefits of distributed search. It introduces different data processing work flows, and describes the advantages and disadvantages of each work flow. This chapter highlights one of the downsides of the book, namely that it reads like a very theoretical guide, rather than providing hands-on and practical advice.The fourth chapter describes how to integrate Hadoop, Solr, and HBase by using Lily. The chapter ends by describing how to divide the Solr index into multiple shards by using SolrCloud and ZooKeeper.Finally, the last chapter focuses upon optimising the performance of Apache Solr, and this is where the advice is very practical and applicable.Overall, the book contains good material but ideally there would be more on applying the theory covered in practice. At only 166 pages, it feels rather light on content, which is a shame as it's a good quality book overall.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
J. Depeau Nov 08, 2016
Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 2
I bought this book as I needed to learn more about Solr for work, and this looked like a really comprehensive and pretty technical guide. While there is definitely a lot of information to be found in this book, the hard part is actually weeding through everything to get it. This book desperately needs an editor! It's extremely hard to read - the writing is poor and unclear, and it's just generally littered with errors and mistakes. It's a shame, as I believe the author knows the topic and has a lot of knowledge to pass on. But for the money I spent on this book I expect something which is clear, easy to read and understand, and which has been professionally edited.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
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