Introducing model-based methods
Imagine a scene in which you are traveling in a car on an undivided road and you face the following situation. Suddenly, another car in the opposing direction approaches you fast in your lane as it is passing a truck. Chances are your mind automatically simulates different scenarios about how the next scenes might unfold:
- The other car might go back to its lane right away or drive even faster to pass the truck as soon as possible.
- Another scenario could be the car steering toward your right, but this is an unlikely scenario (in a right-hand traffic flow).
The driver (possibly you) then evaluates the likelihood and risk of each scenario, together with their possible actions too, and makes the decision to safely continue the journey.
In a less sensational example, consider a game of chess. Before making a move, a player "simulates" many scenarios in their head and assesses the possible outcomes of several moves down...