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Design Patterns and Best Practices in Java
Design Patterns and Best Practices in Java

Design Patterns and Best Practices in Java: A comprehensive guide to building smart and reusable code in Java

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Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Half star icon Empty star icon 3.5 (4 Ratings)
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Profile Icon Puri Profile Icon Singh Profile Icon Torje Profile Icon Ianculescu
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Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Half star icon Empty star icon 3.5 (4 Ratings)
Paperback Jun 2018 280 pages 1st Edition
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Design Patterns and Best Practices in Java

Creational Patterns

The objective of this chapter is to learn about creational patterns. Creational patterns are patterns that deal with object creation. In this chapter, we will cover the following topics:

  • Singleton pattern
  • Simple factory pattern
  • Factory method patterns
  • Abstract factory pattern
  • Builder pattern
  • Prototype pattern
  • Object pool pattern

Singleton pattern

The singleton pattern is probably the most widely used design pattern since the inception of Java. It is a simple pattern, easy to understand and to use. Sometimes it is used in excess, and in scenarios where it is not required. In such cases, the disadvantages of using it outweigh the advantages it brings. For this reason, the singleton is sometimes considered an anti-pattern. However, there are many scenarios where singletons are necessary.

As its name suggests, the singleton pattern is used to ensure that only a single instance of an object can be created. In addition to that, it also provides global access to that instance. The implementation of a singleton pattern is described in the following class diagram:

The implementation of the singleton pattern is very simple and consists of a single class. To ensure that the singleton instance is unique, all singleton...

The factory pattern

As discussed in the previous chapter, inheritance is one of the fundamental concepts in object-oriented programming. Along with subtyping polymorphism, it gives us the is/a relationship. A Car object can be handled as a Vehicle object. A Truck object can be handled as a Vehicle object too. On one hand, this kind of abstraction makes our code thinner, because the same piece of code can handle operations for both Car and Truck objects. On the other hand, it gives us the option to extend our code to new types of Vehicle objects by simply adding new classes such as Bike and Van without modifying it.

When we deal with such scenarios, one of the trickiest parts is the creation of objects. In object-oriented programming, each object is instantiated using the constructor of the specific class, as shown in the following code:

Vehicle vehicle = new Car();

This piece...

Builder pattern

The builder pattern serves the same purpose as the other creational patterns, but it does so in a different way and for different reasons. When developing complex applications, the code tends to become more complex. Classes tend to encapsulate more functionality and, at the same time, class structures become more complex. As the functionality grows, more scenarios need to be covered and, for these, different representations of classes are required.

When we have a complex class that we need to instantiate to different objects with different structures or different internal states, we can use separate classes to encapsulate the instantiation logic. These classes are called builders. Each time we need objects from the same class with a different structure, we can create another builder to create such instances.

The same concept can be used not only for classes for...

Prototype pattern

The prototype pattern is a pattern that seems more complicated than it really is. Practically, it is just a method to clone objects. Why would we need to clone objects when, these days, instantiating objects is not too costly in terms of performance? There are several situations in which it is required to clone objects that are already instantiated:

  • When the creation of a new object relies on an external resource or a hardware-intensive operation
  • When we need a copy of the same object with the same state without having to redo all of the operations to get to that state
  • When we need an instance of an object without knowing to which concrete class it belongs

Let's look at the following class diagram:

In the prototype pattern, the following classes are involved:

  • Prototype: This is the base class, or an interface that declares the clone() method that derived...

Object pool pattern

The instantiation of objects is one of the most costly operations in terms of performance. While in the past this could have been an issue, nowadays we shouldn't be concerned about it. However, when we deal with objects that encapsulate external resources, such as database connections, the creation of new objects becomes expensive.

The solution is to implement a mechanism that reuses and shares objects that are expensive to create. This solution is called the object pool pattern and it has the following structure:

The classes that are used in the object pool pattern are the following:

  • ResourcePool: A class that encapsulates the logic to hold and manage a list of resources.
  • Resource: A class that encapsulates a limited resource. The Resource classes are always referenced by the ResourcePool, so they will never be garbage collected as long as the ResourcePool...

Summary

In this chapter, we covered creational design patterns. We talked about variations of the singleton, factory, builder, prototype, and object pool patterns. All these patterns are used to instantiate new objects and give code flexibility and reusability while creating objects. In the next chapter, we will cover behavioral patterns. While creational patterns help us to manage the creation of objects, behavioral patterns provide an easy way to manage the behavior of objects.

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Key benefits

  • This book demonstrates the shift from OOP to functional programming and covers reactive and functional patterns in a clear and step-by-step manner
  • All the design patterns come with a practical use case as part of the explanation, which will improve your productivity
  • Tackle all kinds of performance-related issues and streamline your development

Description

Having a knowledge of design patterns enables you, as a developer, to improve your code base, promote code reuse, and make the architecture more robust. As languages evolve, new features take time to fully understand before they are adopted en masse. The mission of this book is to ease the adoption of the latest trends and provide good practices for programmers. We focus on showing you the practical aspects of smarter coding in Java. We'll start off by going over object-oriented (OOP) and functional programming (FP) paradigms, moving on to describe the most frequently used design patterns in their classical format and explain how Java’s functional programming features are changing them. You will learn to enhance implementations by mixing OOP and FP, and finally get to know about the reactive programming model, where FP and OOP are used in conjunction with a view to writing better code. Gradually, the book will show you the latest trends in architecture, moving from MVC to microservices and serverless architecture. We will finish off by highlighting the new Java features and best practices. By the end of the book, you will be able to efficiently address common problems faced while developing applications and be comfortable working on scalable and maintainable projects of any size.

Who is this book for?

This book is for those who are familiar with Java development and want to be in the driver’s seat when it comes to modern development techniques. Basic OOP Java programming experience and elementary familiarity with Java is expected.

What you will learn

  • Understand the OOP and FP paradigms
  • Explore the traditional Java design patterns
  • Get to know the new functional features of Java
  • See how design patterns are changed and affected by the new features
  • Discover what reactive programming is and why is it the natural augmentation of FP
  • Work with reactive design patterns and find the best ways to solve common problems using them
  • See the latest trends in architecture and the shift from MVC to serverless applications
  • Use best practices when working with the new features
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Length: 280 pages
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Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781786463593
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Length: 280 pages
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Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781786463593
Vendor :
Oracle
Category :
Languages :

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Table of Contents

10 Chapters
From Object-Oriented to Functional Programming Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Creational Patterns Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Behavioral Patterns Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Structural Patterns Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Functional Patterns Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Let's Get Reactive Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Reactive Design Patterns Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Trends in Application Architecture Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Best Practices in Java Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Other Books You May Enjoy Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

Rating distribution
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Half star icon Empty star icon 3.5
(4 Ratings)
5 star 50%
4 star 0%
3 star 0%
2 star 50%
1 star 0%
Sal Jan 03, 2020
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
I was quite pleased by the way the authors approached the content.The first few chapters did a nice introduction and overview of patterns. Once we rolled into Chapter 5, and investigated Functional Patterns can simplify existing patterns, I was more than happy with my purchase.I never expect a book to be an end-all-be-all to all problems, but this is a great spring board to start anyone off.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
AJ Aug 12, 2018
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
I liked that most of chapters have good examples regarding usage of design patterns in Java. It helps you visualize the exact usage of these best practices and patterns in real world problems.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Viorel Contu Aug 12, 2018
Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 2
This book fails at its intended purpose: to teach you Design Patterns.Most of the design patterns concepts are explained on one or two pages. It usually starts with a short description, then it continues with a few sentences about why it is important. The UML diagram and the code snippet is not enough to grasp the whole idea behind the design pattern presented. The examples are very basic and not good enough.Then it tries to condense into this book principles of Functional programming and how they affect design patterns. I am sorry, but the authors did a terrible job at explaining all the concepts including: functors and monads.At it stands, it is not worth your money. The are better alternatives out there. There are free youtube tutorials that do does a better job at explaining the design patterns. If you really want a book to read, buy head first design patterns.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Don't show me Sep 05, 2018
Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 2
The book covers most (if not all) typical design patterns in Java, however there's no depth to it. The examples are text descriptions on how you would "use this to...", but there are no implementation details. I thought there would be much more details and some code. Very disappointed in the book. There are free examples on the web that are better.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
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