Summary

In this chapter, we explored the ADC, a vital peripheral in embedded systems that enables microcontrollers to interface with the analog world. We started with an overview of the analog-to-digital conversion process, highlighting its importance and discussing key specifications such as resolution, step size, and VREF.

Then, we delved into the STM32F411 microcontroller’s ADC peripheral, examining its capabilities and the relevant registers required for ADC operations. This included an overview of key ADC registers, such as ADC_CR1, ADC_CR2, ADC_SQRx, ADC_SR, and ADC_DR, as well as important ADC flags, such as EOC, JEOC, AWD, OVR, and STRT.

This chapter also explained the different ADC modes, including single conversion mode, continuous conversion mode, scan mode, discontinuous mode, and injected conversion mode. Each mode was explained with practical use cases to illustrate their applications.

Next, we examined how multiplexing allows the ADC to switch between...